A Comprehensive Review on Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Bryophyllum pinnatum (Miracle Leaf)

Abstract:

Bryophyllum pinnatum, commonly known as the Miracle Leaf, has been extensively studied due to its wide range of medicinal properties. Numerous studies highlight its traditional use in treating wounds, kidney stones, inflammation, and other health conditions. Research has primarily focused on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of its bioactive compounds to validate these therapeutic claims.Various extraction methods have been reported, among which cold maceration is widely preferred as it preserves thermolabile phytoconstituents. Different solvents such as aqueous, ethanol, and chloroform are commonly used, with ethanol frequently demonstrating higher extraction efficiency. This is attributed to its intermediate polarity, which enables better solubilization of diverse phytochemicals. Phytochemical screening across studies consistently confirms the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, phenols, and terpenoids. These compounds are associated with significant biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. Quantitative analysis is often carried out using UV–Visible spectrophotometry, particularly for estimating total phenolic and flavonoid content. Overall, the literature establishes Bryophyllum pinnatum as a potent source of bioactive compounds. It also emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate extraction techniques and solvents to enhance yield and efficacy, thereby supporting its potential in developing plant-based therapeutic agents.