Exploring the predicting factors of Indonesian students' character: Empirical proof from Tabanan District, Bali

Character education is fundamental to developing a generation that is both academically competent and morally upright. This study examines the factors that shape the character of elementary school students in Tabanan Regency, Bali, focusing on Asta Brata leadership practices and school culture. Using a quantitative, survey-based design, data were collected through three questionnaires measuring Asta Brata leadership practices, school culture, and student character. The questionnaires were administered to 299 elementary school teachers in Tabanan Regency. The data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression to determine the extent to which Asta Brata leadership practices and school culture influence students’ character, both individually and jointly. The findings indicate that Asta Brata leadership practices and school culture significantly contribute to the development of elementary students’ character, underscoring the importance of leadership grounded in local wisdom and a supportive school culture in strengthening character education.