Strong‑Field Pulsar Tests in Bhuvaneswari Vortex Gravity (BVG)

strong‑field pulsar test framework of Bhuvaneswari Vortex Gravity (BVG). All derivations, equations, and physical interpretations are preserved exactly as formulated in the BVG theory. The work covers five major strong‑field tests: periastron advance, Shapiro delay, gravitational‑wave orbital decay, the Nordtvedt effect, and preferred‑frame parameters.The BVG strong‑field

The BVG strong‑field periastron advance is obtained by modifying the effective 1/r^3 term in the potential using a vortex amplification factor. The resulting precession is given by:
Delta_omega_BVG = E_SF * (1 - exp(-r_peri / R_core))^T * Delta_omega_GR.

The Shapiro delay in BVG matches the GR 1PN expression for the range and shape parameters, with r_BVG = r_GR and s_BVG = s_GR. BVG additionally predicts a discrete pulse‑time correction of order 10^-23 seconds due to the universal pulse duration T_BVG.

Gravitational‑wave orbital decay in BVG includes a viscosity‑dependent correction to the GR quadrupole formula. The BVG prediction is written as:
dotP_BVG = E_SF_GW * (1 - exp(-r_peri / R_core))^T * dotP_GR.
Binary pulsar observations constrain the BVG correction parameter epsilon_BVG to be smaller than 10^-3.The Nordtvedt parameter in BVG is exactly zero. Using the PPN relations eta_N = 4*beta - gamma - 3 with beta_BVG = 1 and gamma_BVG = 1, BVG predicts no violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle for strongly self‑gravitating bodies.

Preferred‑frame effects vanish in BVG because the weak‑field metric satisfies g_0i = 0. Therefore all preferred‑frame PPN parameters are zero: alpha_1 = alpha_2 = alpha_3 = 0, xi = 0, and zeta_i = 0.Binary pulsars provide precise observational constraints on all these predictions. BVG passes all current strong‑field tests while allowing measurable deviations in the strong‑field regime through the parameters E_SF, R_core, T, and the vortex‑medium viscosity. The theory remains fully consistent with GR in the weak‑field limit and introduces unique signatures such as discrete pulse‑time structure.