Orodispersible Films as An Innovative Oral Drug Delivery System: Formulation, Manufacturing and Evaluation

Orodispersible films (ODFs) have emerged as an innovative and patient-friendly oral drug delivery system designed to rapidly disintegrate in the oral cavity without the need for water. These thin polymeric films offer significant advantages over conventional dosage forms, particularly for paediatric, geriatric, and dysphagic patients who experience difficulty swallowing tablets and capsules. ODFs are typically composed of hydrophilic polymers along with plasticizers, sweetening agents, saliva-stimulating agents, flavoring agents, and surfactants that contribute to rapid disintegration, improved palatability, and enhanced drug release. This review provides an overview of the formulation aspects, manufacturing approaches, and characterization parameters of orodispersible films. It also discusses the suitability of ODFs as carriers for various therapeutic agents including chemical drugs, vaccines, probiotics, and herbal extracts. Various formulation strategies such as particle size reduction, solid dispersion, and nanotechnology-based approaches used to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs in ODFs are highlighted. In addition, the applications of ODFs in drug delivery systems and their potential therapeutic benefits are explored. Despite certain limitations such as restricted drug loading capacity and stability challenges, ODFs remain a promising platform for future pharmaceutical development due to their ease of administration, rapid onset of action, and improved patient compliance. Continuous advancements in formulation technologies are expected to further expand the clinical and commercial potential of this novel drug delivery system...