量子制度变迁:经典诺思制度变迁理论的量子重构与一般化拓展(Quantum Institutional Change: Quantum Reconstruction and Generalized Expansion of Classical North's Institutional Change Theory)
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摘 要:经典制度变迁理论(以诺思早期工作为代表)基于理性选择与效率导向,将制度演化刻画为渐进调整过程。然而,人类历史中制度进步与停滞并存、改革与回潮交替、关键事件触发非连续跃迁等现象,表明制度系统具有复杂性、非线性与涌现性。传统理论引入路径依赖、利益集团与意识形态等因素局部修补,未从本体论层面揭示制度变迁的量子本质。 本文在纯制度经济学与认知科学范式下构建量子制度变迁(Quantum Institutional Change,QIC)理论,提出制度状态叠加、预期相干共振、主体行为纠缠、观测—坍缩与历史熵五大核心公理,给出量子制度演化的统一形式化表达。本文通过严格的数学推导证明了预期相干效应的存在性,并论证:诺思制度变迁、路径依赖、制度锁定、渐进改革、休克疗法与制度倒退,均是量子制度变迁在特定约束条件下的退化特例。量子制度变迁理论内生刻画了制度在优化、锁定、停滞与倒退之间叠加、干涉、共振与跃迁的完整动态过程,系统解释了各类制度演化异象,为制度经济学、转型经济学与国家治理现代化提供了更具现实解释力的统一基础范式。
关键词:量子制度变迁;路径依赖;制度锁定;叠加态;观测—坍缩;量子制度经济学
Abstract
Abstract: The classic theory of institutional change (represented by North's early work) is based on rational choice and efficiency orientation, and characterizes institutional evolution as a gradual adjustment process. However, the coexistence of institutional progress and stagnation, the alternation of reform and resurgence, and the triggering of discontinuous transitions by key events in human history indicate that institutional systems are complex, nonlinear, and emergent. Traditional theories introduce factors such as path dependence, interest groups, and ideology for partial repair, but fail to reveal the quantum nature of institutional change from an ontological perspective. This article constructs the Quantum Institutional Change (QIC) theory under the paradigm of pure institutional economics and cognitive science, proposing five core axioms of institutional state superposition, expected coherent resonance, entanglement of subject behavior, observation collapse, and historical entropy, and providing a unified formal expression of quantum institutional evolution. This article proves the existence of expected coherence effects through rigorous mathematical deduction, and argues that North institutional change, path dependence, institutional lock-in, progressive reform, shock therapy, and institutional regression are all degenerate special cases of quantum institutional change under specific constraints. The theory of quantum institutional change endogenously characterizes the complete dynamic process of the superposition, interference, resonance, and transition of institutions between optimization, locking, stagnation, and regression. It systematically explains various anomalies in institutional evolution and provides a more realistic and unified paradigm for institutional economics, transitional economics, and modernization of national governance.
Keywords: quantum institutional change; Path dependence; Institutional lock-in; Superposition state; Observation - collapse; Quantum Institutional Economics
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量子制度变迁：经典诺思制度变迁理论的量子重构与一般化拓展.pdf
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- Quantum Institutional Change: Quantum Reconstruction and Generalized Expansion of Classical North's Institutional Change Theory