Genus Goryphus Holmgren, 1868

Goryphus Holmgren, 1868: 398. Type species: Goryphus basilaris Holmgren, 1868. Designated by Viereck (1914). See Watanabe (2025) for other synonyms.

Two species, G. albofasciatus (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926) and G. basilaris Holmgren, 1868, have been recorded from Japan. In this study, I describe a new species of this genus below. This species is identical to Goryphus sp. described by Watanabe (2023).

Key to Japanese species and subspecies of Goryphus

1. Scutellum yellow (Figs. 4 B, 5 B). Hind coxa whitish-yellow with black lateral area (Figs. 4 A, 5 A). Frons finely punctate, coriaceous and polished in front of median ocellus. Mesoscutum finely and sparsely punctate; ISP usually more than PD. Wings without clouded area (Fig. 4 F). Male antenna with small white band (Figs. 5 A, B). Small species; body length shorter than 7.0 mm (usually less than 6.0 mm). Distribution: Japan (Honshu, Izu Isles., Kyushu, and Yakushima Is.).

.................................................. Goryphus minor sp. nov. -. Scutellum black or red. Hind coxa red, black, or black with white area(s). Frons punctate and coriaceous to irregularly and obliquely rugose in front of median ocellus. Mesoscutum densely punctate; ISP usually as long as or less than PD. Wings with clouded area(s) (sometimes weak). Male antenna without white band. Large species: body length usually longer than 7.0 mm. Distribution in Japan: Ryukyu Isles.

........................................................................................... 2 2. Body tricolour: white, black, and red. Scutellum, postscutellum, large parts of mesopleuron and mesosternum, metapleuron, propodeum, T I except for apex, hind coxa, hind trochanter, and hind femur red. Female frons punctate and coriaceous in front of median ocellus. Distribution in Japan: Tokara Isles., Amamioshima Is., and Tokunoshima Is.

............................... Goryphus basilaris Holmgren, 1868 -. Body bicolour: white and black. Scutellum, postscutellum, mesopleuron, mesosternum, metapleuron, propodeum, T I except for apex, hind trochanter, and hind femur black. Female frons irregularly and obliquely rugose in front of median ocellus. Distribution: Okinoerabujima

Is. and Okinawajima Is.

.................................................... Goryphus albofasciatus (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926) 3

3. Fore wing with broad, conspicuous clouded band. T

I entirely black in female. Posterior white band of T II

narrow and partly indistinct in female. Ivory markings of

T I and T II narrow and divided into pair of small lateral

spots, respectively, in male. Distribution: Okinawajima Is.

............................ Goryphus albofasciatus albofasciatus (Matsumura & Uchida, 1926)

-. Fore wing without clouded band. T I with broad white

posterior band in female. T II with broad white posterior

band in female. T I and T II each with broad white

posterior band in male. Distribution: Okinoerabujima Is.

............. Goryphus albofasciatus erabu Watanabe, 2025

Goryphus minor sp. nov. [New SJN: Tsujii-togari-himebachi] (Figs. 4 A–F, 5 A–E, 14 C)

Goryphus sp.: Watanabe, 2023: 11.

Type series. Holotype: JAPAN, KPM-NK 103261, F, Izuoshima Is., Tokyo Oshima Town, Kandachi, 12. IX. 2012, K. Tsujii leg. (YPT). Paratypes: JAPAN: [Honshu] KPM-NK 103291, F Ibaraki Pref., Tsukuba City, Oda, Mt. Houkyou-san, 6. X. – 6. XII. 2013, S. Shimizu leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 103264, 103265, 2 F, Kanagawa Pref., Hayama Town, Shimoyamaguchi, Mineyamaike, 10. X. 2010, I. Kawashima leg.; KPM-NK 103266, F, Kanagawa Pref., Sagamihara City, Tohma, 27. IV. 2000, N. Ito leg.; KPM-NK 103262, F, Kanagawa Pref., Atsugi City, Nakaogino, 26. IV. 2008, M. Gunji leg., KPM-NK 103263, F, Kanagawa Pref., Atsugi City, Funako, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 22. IV. – 16. V. 2016, Y. Kato & S. Koizumi leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 103268, F, Kanagawa Pref., Minamiashigara City, Uchiyama, 9. X. 2013, K. Watanabe leg.; KPM-NK 103267, F, Kanagawa Pref., Hakone Town, Mt. Komagatake, 22. VII. 2002, H. Nagase leg.; KPM-NK 103289, 103290, 2 F, Niigata Pref., Nagaoka City, Suyoshi Town, Mt. Nokogiri-yama, 25. V. – 7. VI. 2014, S. Shimizu & K. Shimizu leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 103292, M, Toyama Pref., Nanto City, Togamura-kamimomose, 18–25. VIII. 2009, M. Watanabe leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 103293, ditto, 15–29. IX. 2009; TMNH, 3 F, Aichi Pref., Toyohashi City, Imuretakayama, 7. VII. 2019, S. Morishita leg.; TMNH, 3 F & 2 M, ditto, 19. VIII. 2023; KPM-NK 103304–103307, 2 F & 2 M, ditto. [Izuoshima Is.] KPM-NK 103270–103283, 4 F & 10 M, Tokyo, Oshima Town, Sashikiji, Mt. Futakoyama, 17. VIII. – 5. X. 2012, K. Tsujii leg. (MsT); OMNH, 2 F & 1 M, ditto; KPM-NK 103269, F, ditto, 5–31. X. 2012; KPM-NK 103284, F, Tokyo, Oshima Town, Mt. Omaruyama, Tsubakinomori, 17. VIII. – 5. X. 2012, K. Tsujii leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 103285–103287, 3 F, ditto, 5–31. X. 2012. [Toshima Is.] KPM-NK 103288, Tokyo, Toshima Vil., Mt. Miyatsukayama, 10. IX. – 13. X. 2012, K. Tsujii leg. (MsT). [Kyushu] KPM-NK 103294, 103295, 2 M, Fukuoka Pref., Onojo City, Otogana, 19. VI. 2021, T. Amano leg. [Yakushima Is.] KPM-NK 103296, F, Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Town, Han-yama, 26. IX. – 24. X. 2006, T. Yamauchi et al. leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 103297, F, ditto, 1. V. – 5. VI. 2007; KPM-NK 103298, F, ditto, 2. XI. – 1. XII. 2007; KPM-NK 103299, F, Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Town, Kankake, 26. IX. – 24. X. 2006, T. Yamauchi et al. leg. (MsT); KPM-NK 103300–103303, 4 F, Kagoshima Pref., Yakushima Town, Mt. Aiko-dake, 25. VIII. – 22. IX. 2006, T. Yamauchi et al. leg. (MsT); OMNH, 2 F, ditto.

Description. Female (n = 41). Body covered with setae; body length 4.5–7.0 (HT: 5.6) mm.

Head 0.65–0.7 (HT: 0.65) × as long as wide in dorsal view. Clypeus 1.7–1.8 (HT: 1.7) × as wide as long; convex in lateral view; sparsely punctate dorsally with coriaceous ISP; smooth ventrally; lower margin weakly rounded in frontal view, narrowly reflected in lateral view. Face 2.0 × as wide as long; slightly convex medially; coriaceous and matt. Anterior tentorial pit small. Frons polished and slightly concave above antennal sockets; weakly coriaceous except for smooth area on concavity. POL 0.7–1.0 (HT: 0.8) × as OD. OOL 1.0–1.4 (HT: 1.1) × as OD. Vertex, gena, and occiput finely punctate with coriaceous ISP. Dorsal profile of gena rounded in dorsal view. Occipital carina complete; its lower end connected with hypostomal carina near mandibular base. Malar space 0.4–0.5 (HT: 0.4) × as long as basal width of mandible. Mandible flat at base; lower tooth almost equal in length of upper tooth. Antenna with 24–27 (HT: 26) flagellomeres; apical part slightly widened. FL I 4.45–5.0 (HT: 5.0) × as long as maximum depth in lateral view, 1.2–1.45 (HT: 1.25) × as long as FL II.

Mesosoma polished. Pronotum punctate dorsally, longitudinally or obliquely rugose ventrally; dorsal margin not swollen. Epomia long; dorsal end not reached to dorsal margin of pronotum. Mesoscutum finely punctate with smooth ISP; with developed notaulus (Fig. 4 B). Scutellum largely smooth; convex in lateral view. Mesopleuron obliquely striated dorsally except for speculum, finely and densely punctate ventrally; speculum finely punctate dorsally, smooth ventrally (Fig. 4 D). Epicnemial carina present laterally and ventrally; dorsal end reaching just below of subtegular ridge. Sternaulus deep in anterior 0.75 of mesopleuron. Metapleuron finely and densely punctate; with juxtacoxal carina anteriorly. Propodeum (Fig. 4 E) smooth to finely and sparsely punctate; anterior transverse carina complete; posterior transverse carina complete, gently curved; lateral longitudinal carina absent; pleural carina absent; lateromedian longitudinal carina absent; apophysis indistinct, only widened (= lamella-like) lateral part of posterior transverse carina; spiracle round. Fore wing length 4.3–6.0 (HT: 4.7) mm. Areolet small; as long as maximum width; lateral sides converging towards anteriorly; vein 2rs-m slightly longer than vein 3rs-m; received vein 2m-cu near middle (Fig. 4 F). Fore wing vein 1cu-a interstitial or slightly antefurcal to vein M&RS (HT: slightly antefurcal) (Fig. 4 F). Nervellus subvertical; intercepted posterior to middle (Fig. 4 F). Hind femur 4.9–5.3 (HT: 4.9) × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Tarsal claws simple.

Metasoma. T I 1.7–2.1 (HT: 1.7) × as long as maximum width; coriaceous medially, finely rugulose laterally; latero-median carina present except for posterior part; dorso-lateral carina complete; with pair of lateral triangular teeth at base. T II 0.85–1.25 (HT: 0.95) × as long as maximum width. T II to T IV densely punctate with coriaceous ISP (Fig. 4 B). Ovipositor sheath 0.55–0.6 (HT: 0.58) × as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor straight; with nodus; apex sharp; apex of lower valve with teeth (Fig. 14 C).

Colouration (Figs. 4 A–F). Body (excluding legs and wings) black to blackish-brown. Setae silver. Clypeus, malar space, anterior margin of collar, anterior and dorsal margin of mesopleuron, tegula, and posterior segments of metasoma partly tinged with yellowish-brown to reddish-brown. Pair of small spots of vertex, mandible except for apex, palpi, dorsal parts of FL V (or sometimes also IV) to XI, membranous part of metasomal sternites, and posterior margins of T VII and T VIII ivory. Scutellum and postscutellum yellow. Ventral surfaces of scape and pedicel, posterior margins of metasomal tergites, and ovipositor reddish-brown to yellowish-brown. Coxae, trochanters, and trochantelli ivory except for brownish markings of hind coxa and hind trochantellus. Femora, tibiae, and tarsi reddish-yellow to blackish-brown; apical part of hind femur, hind tibia, and hind tarsus usually darker than other parts. Wings hyaline. Veins and pterostigma blackish-brown except for brown to yellowish-brown wing base.

Male (n = 19). Similar to female (Fig. 5 A–E). Body length 4.1–5.8 mm. Clypeus 1.9–1.95 × as wide as long. Face 1.6–1.7 × as wide as long. OOL 0.95–1.5 × as OD. Malar space 0.3–0.35 × as long as basal width of mandible. FL I 4.0–4.4 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Tyloids present on FL XII to FL XIV. Hind femur 5.0–5.5 × as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Sculpture of pronotum, mesopleuron, and metapleuron weaker than female. Clypeus, malar space, lower part of gena, and mandible except for apex ivory. Face usually more or less tinged with ivory to yellowish-brown (variation: Figs. 5 C–E). Lateral and ventral surfaces of mesosoma entirely yellowish-brown to reddish-yellow (sometimes pronotum and mesopleuron weakly and partly darkened). Propodeum reddish-yellow posteriorly. Hind tarsus largely ivory except for basal part of TS I.

Distribution. Japan (Honshu).

Bionomics. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific name is from Latin “ minor ” (smaller), referring to the small body size.

Remarks. This species resembles G. issikii (Uchida, 1931) and G. maculatus Sheng, 2009 in the blackish female mesosoma and the dorsal margin of pronotum not swollen but can be distinguished by the propodeum smooth to finely and sparsely punctate (largely rugose in G. issikii and G. maculatus) and the scutellum entirely yellow (entirely or largely black in G. issikii and G. maculatus). In the present classification, Goryphus includes morphologically diverse species, necessitating a future review of its generic concept. Goryphus minor, G. issikii, and G. maculatus differ significantly from the typical Goryphus species widely found in Southeast Asia (e.g., G. basilaris), particularly in terms of their body sculpture. Goryphus minor also exhibits distinct characteristics, such as weaker surface sculpture compared to the other two species. Although, this species is clearly identical as Goryphus by the key of Townes (1970), the generic position of this species may require review in the future.