ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS FOR USING LOCAL HEMOSTASIS IN PARENCHYMAL ORGAN SURGERY

Parenchymal organ surgery involving the liver, spleen, kidneys, and pancreas presents one of the most demanding hemostatic challenges in operative medicine.

Unlike hollow organs, parenchymal tissues are richly vascular and do not offer natural tissue planes amenable to simple ligation. Uncontrolled intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhage remains a leading cause of surgical morbidity and mortality. Although numerous local hemostatic strategies have been developed, no consensus exists on the optimal technique for a given organ or clinical context.