Advanced Semiconductor Materials for Renewable Energy Technologies

The rapid increase in global energy demand and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel consumption has accelerated the development of renewable energy technologies. Semiconductor materials are essential components in solar cells, optoelectronic systems, photocatalysis, hydrogen production, thermoelectric devices and energy storage technologies. Recent developments in nanotechnology, thin-film engineering and advanced material synthesis have significantly improved the efficiency and stability of semiconductor-based renewable energy devices. This review paper presents a comprehensive study of advanced semiconductor materials used in renewable energy technologies. The paper discusses the properties, fabrication methods, photovoltaic applications, nanostructures, performance enhancement techniques, challenges and future prospects of semiconductor materials. Special emphasis is given to selenium-based semiconductor systems, thin-film photovoltaic technologies, hybrid materials and next-generation renewable energy devices.