Published December 25, 2014 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Subterranean fauna of Christmas Island: habitats and salient features

Authors/Creators

Description

Humphreys, William F. (2014): Subterranean fauna of Christmas Island: habitats and salient features. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 30: 29-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20249404

Files

source.pdf

Files (2.9 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:207b697a9b35381df7638c142ace42b0
2.9 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:582FFE25-062A-4BEA-87A8-101BE6F70BE5
LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:207B697A9B35381DF7638C14FFCEFFB0
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/207B697A9B35381DF7638C14FFCEFFB0

References

  • Allen GR (1991) Freshwater fishes of New Guinea. Publication No. 9 of the Christensen Research Institute, Madang.
  • Anker A (2010) Metebetaeus Borradaile, 1899 revisited, with description of a new marine species from French Polynesia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zootaxa, 2552: 37-54.
  • Aubrecht R & Kozur H (1995) Pokornyopsis (Ostracoda) from submarine fissure fillings and cavities in the Late Jurassic of Czorsztyn Unit and the possible origin of the Recent anchialine faunas. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 196: 1-17.
  • Aubrecht R & Schlogl J (2011) Jurassic submarine troglobites: is there any link to the recent submarine cave fauna? Hydrobiologia, 677: 3-14.
  • Barrett PJ (1989) Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) phosphate deposits. In: Notholt AJG, Sheldon RP & Damdson DF (eds.) Phosphate Deposits of the World, volume 2: Phosphate Rock Resources. Cambridge University Press, pp. 558-563.
  • Barrett PJ (2001) Searching for water on Christmas Island. Helictite, 37(2): 37-39.
  • Bauza-Ribot MM, Juan C, Nardi F, Oromi P, Pons J & Jaume D (2012) Mitogenomic phylogenetic analysis supports continentalscale vicariance in subterranean thalassoid crustaceans. Current Biology, 22: 2069-2074.
  • Beeton RJS, Burbidge A, Grigg G, Harrison P, How R, Humphreys W, McKenzie N & Woinarski J (2010) Final Report of the Christmas Island Expert Working Group to Minister for the Department of Environment Protection, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra. 262 pp.
  • Bou C & Rouch R (1967) Un nouveau champ de recherches sur la faune aquatique souterraine. Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des Sciences de Paris, 265D: 369-370.
  • Bracken HD, DeGrave S, Toon A, Felder DL & Crandall KA (2010) Phylogenetic position, systematic status, and divergence time of the Procarididea (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologica Scripta, 39: 198-212.
  • Brooks D (ed.) (2006) Christmas Island Cave Fauna Survey 2006. The Western Australian Speleological Group, Nedlands, Western Australia.
  • Brooks S (1990) Caving in paradise. Australian Caver, No. 124: 11-13.
  • Bruce AJ & Davie PJF (2006) A new anchialine shrimp of the genus Procaris from Christmas island: the first occurrence of the procarididae in the Indian Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Zootaxa, 1238: 23-33.
  • Camacho AI (1992) Sampling the subterranean biota. Cave (aquatic environment). In: Camacho AI (ed.), The Natural History of Biospeleology. Monografias Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, pp. 135-168.
  • Christiansen K (1962) Proposition for the classification of cave animals. Spelunca, 2: 76-78.
  • Coffey Partners International (1998) Geotechnical hazard assessment of caves on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Report Z376/1-AC. Unpublished report to Parks Australia North, 52 pp.
  • Culver DC & Pipan T (2009) The Biology of Caves and other Subterranean Habitats. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 274 pp.
  • Danielopol DL, Baltanas A & Humphreys WF (2000) Danielopolina kornickeri sp. n. (Ostracoda: Thaumatocypridoidea) from a western Australian anchialine cave -morphology and evolution. Zoologica Scripta, 29: 1-16.
  • Davie PJF & Ng PKL (2012) Two new species of Orcovita (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae) from anchialine caves on Christmas Island, eastern Indian Ocean. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 60(1): 57-70.
  • de Bruyn M, Stelbrink B, Page TJ, Phillips MJ, Lohman DJ,Albrecht C, Hall R, von Rintelen K, Ng PKL, Shih H-T, Carvalho GR & von Rintelen T (2013) Time and space in biogeography: response to Parenti & Ebach (2013). Journal of Biogeography: doi:10.1111/jbi.12166.
  • Deeleman-Reinhold CL (2001) Forest Spiders of South East Asia: With a Revision of the Sac and Ground Spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae [sic]). Brill, Leiden, 591 pp.
  • Douglas Partners (1996) Christmas Island water supply monitoring and stormwater disposal bore installation. Project No. 21478A, Report to ACTEW Corporation, Hydrology Branch, Canberra, ACT 2601.
  • Dove AD & Fletcher AS (2000) The distribution of the introduced tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in Australian freshwater fish. Journal of Helminthology, 74: 121-127.
  • Edwards GB (2003) Observations of Theotima minutissimus (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae), a parthenogenetic spider. The Journal of Arachnology, 31: 274-277.
  • Falkland T (1999) Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Groundwater investigations and monitoring report. Prepared for GDH by Tony Falkland, ACTEW Corporation Ltd., Canberra.
  • Falkland T & Usback R (1999) Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Water management plan. A report prepared for GHD Pty Ltd and Christmas Island Administration, pp. vi, 1-103.
  • Framenau VW & Thomas ML (2008) Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean): identification and distribution. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 25: 45-85.
  • Fransen CHJM & Tomascik T (1996) Parhippolyte uveae Borradaile, 1899 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from Kakaban Island, Indonesia. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 70: 227-233.
  • Gaudron SM, Pradillon F, Pailleret M, Duperron S, Le Bris N & Gaill F (2010) Colonization of organic substrates deployed in deep-sea reducing habitats by symbiotic species and associated fauna. Marine Environmental Research, 70(1): 1-12.
  • Getachew T (2006) A study on an herbivorous fish, Oreochromis niloticus L., diet and its quality in two Ethiopian Rift Valley lakes, Awasa and Zwai. Journal of Fish Biology, 30(4):439-449.
  • Gibert J, Stanford JA, Dole-Olivier M-J & Ward JV (1994) Basic attributes of groundwater ecosystems and prospects for research. In: Gibert J, Danielopol DL & Stanford JA (eds.) Groundwater Ecology. Academic Press, London, pp. 7-40.
  • Gibson-Hill CA (1947) Notes on the birds of Christmas Island. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, Singapore, 18: 87-165.
  • Gray HS (revised by Clark R) (1995) Christmas Island Naturally. Second edition. Christmas Island Natural History Association and Australian Nature Conservation Agency.
  • Grimes K (2001) Karst features on Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Helictite, 37(2): 41-58.
  • Hamilton-Smith E (1971) The classification of cavernicoles. National Speleological Society Bulletin, 83: 63-66.
  • Hanomura Y & Kase T (2001) Two new shallow-water mysids of the genus Heteromysis (Crustacea: Mysidacea) from a submarine cave of Christmas Island, Eastern Indian Ocean. Species Diversity, 6: 11-21.
  • Harvey MS (1992) The Schizomida (Chelicerata) of Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 6: 77-129.
  • Harvey MS (1998) A review of the Australasian species of Anapistula Gertsch (Araneae: Symphytognathidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19: 111-120.
  • Harvey MS (2001) New cave-dwelling schizomids (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) from Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 64: 171-185.
  • Harvey MS, Berry O, Edward KL & Humphreys G (2008) Molecular and morphological systematics of hypogean schizomids (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae) in semi-arid Australia. Invertebrate Systematics, 22: 167-194.
  • Harvey MS, Gray MR, Hunt GS & Lee DC (1993) The cavernicolous Arcahnida and Myriapoda of Cape Range, Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 45: 129-144.
  • Harvey MS & Volschenk ES (2007) The systematics of the Gondwanan pseudoscorpion family Hyidae (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisioidea): new data and a revised phylogenetic hypothesis. Invertebrate Systematics, 21: 365-406.
  • Harvey MS & West PLJ (1998) New species of Charon (Amblypygi, Charontidae) from northern Australia and Christmas Island. Journal of Arachnology, 26: 273-284.
  • Hoch H, Asche M, Burwell C, Monteith G & Wessel A (2006) Morphological alteration in response to endogeic habitat and ant association in two new planthopper species from New Caledonia (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae). Journal of Natural History, 40: 1867-1886.
  • Hoch H & Howarth FG (1989) Reductive evolutionary trends in two new cavernicolous species of a new Australian cixiid genus (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Systematic Entomology, 14:179-196.
  • Hoenemann M, Neiber MT, Humphreys WF, Iliffe TM, Li D, Schram FR & Koenemann S (2013) Phylogenetic analyses and systematic revision of Remipedia (Nectiopoda) from Bayesian analysis of molecular data. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 33: 603-619.
  • Holthuis LB (1973) Caridean shrimps found in land-locked saltwater pools at four Indo-West Pacific localities (Sinai Peninsula, Funafuti Atoll, Maui and Hawaii Islands), with the description of one new genus and four new species. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 128:1-48.
  • Huber BA (2000) New World pholcid spiders ( Araneae: Pholcidae): Kano Y & Kase T (2002)Anatomy and systematics of the submarine- A revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum cave gastropod Pisulina (Neritopsina: Neriteliidae). Journal of of Natural History, 254: 1-348. Molluscan Studies, 68: 365-384.
  • Humphreys WF (1994) The subterranean fauna of the Cape Range Korner KE, Schlupp I, Plath M & Loew ER (2006) Spectral Coastal Plain, Northwestern Australia. Report to the Australian sensitivity of mollies: comparing surface- and cave-dwelling Heritage Commission and the Western Australian Heritage Atlantic mollies, Poecilia mexicana. Journal of Fish Biology, Committee. Western Australian Museum, unpublished report, 69: 54-65.
  • 202 pp. Kornicker LS, Danielopol DL & Humphreys WF (2006) Description
  • Humphreys WF (1998) Phaconeura (Homoptera: Meenoplidae) of the anchialine ostracode Danielopolina sp. cf. D. kornickeri attended by ants of the genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera: from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 79: 77-88. Formicidae) in caves. The Australian Entomologist, 25: 23-27. Kottelat M & Widjanarti E (2005) The fishes of Danau Sentarum
  • Humphreys WF (1999) Physico-chemical profile and energy fixation National Park and the Kapuas Lakes area, Kalimantan Barat, in Bundera Sinkhole, an anchialine remiped habitat in north- Indonesia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 13: 139-173. western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Leijs R, van Nes EH, Watts CH, Cooper SJB, Humphreys WF & Australia, 82: 89-98. Hogendoorn K (2012) Evolution of blind beetles in isolated
  • Humphreys WF (2000) Relict faunas and their derivation. In: aquifers: a test of alternative modes of speciation. PLoS ONE Wilkens H, Culver DC & Humphreys WF (eds.) Ecosystems 7(3): e34260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034260.
  • of the World, vol. 30. Subterranean Ecosystems. Elsevier, Maderspacher F (2012) Evolution: drift will tear us apart. Current Amsterdam, pp. 417-432. Biology, 22: R909-R912.
  • Humphreys WF (2008) Rising from down under: developments in Martens K & Rossetti G (2002) On the Darwinulidae (Crustacea: subterranean biodiversity in Australia from a groundwater fauna Ostracoda) from Oceania. Invertebrate Systematics, 16: perspective. Invertebrate Systematics, 22: 85-101. 195-208.
  • Humphreys WF ( 2010) Introduced fish and parasites are threats Mazzini I & Gliozzi E (2000) Occurrence of fossil and Recent to the Cape Range anchialine ecosystem. Unpublished report, Microceratina Swanson 1980 (Ostracoda, Eucytherurinae) in Western Australian Museum. the Mediterranean. Micropaleontology, 46: 143-152.
  • Humphreys WF & Danielopol DL (2006) Danielopolina (Ostracoda, Mylroie JE, Jensen JW, Taborosi D, Jocson JMU, Vann D & Thaumatocyprididae) on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, a sea Wexel C (2001) Karst features of Guam in terms of a general mount island. Crustaceana, 78: 1339-1352. model of carbonate island karst. Journal of Cave and Karst
  • Humphreys WF & Eberhard SM (1998) Assessment of the Studies, 63: 9-22.
  • ecological values and management options for cave use Mylroie JR & Mylroie JE (2007) Development of the carbonate on Christmas Island: Project 97/002. A report prepared for island karst model. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies, 69: 59-75. Parks Australia North, unpublished,. 134 pp. http://museum. Namiotko T, Wouters K, Danielopol DL & Humphreys WF (2004) wa.gov.au/research/collections/subterranean-biology-collection/ On the origin and evolution of a new anchialine stygobitic assessment-ecological-values-christmas-island Microceratina species (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Christmas
  • Humphreys WF & Eberhard SM (2001) Subterranean fauna of Island (Indian Ocean). Journal of Micropalaeontology, 23: Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Helictite, 37(2): 59-74. 49-60.
  • Humphreys WF, Kornicker LS & Danielopol DL (2009) On Ng PKL (2002) On a new species of cavernicolous Neoliomera the origin of Danielopolina baltanasi sp. n. (Ostracoda, (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae) from Christmas Thaumatocypridoidea) from three anchialine caves on Christmas Island and Ryukyus, Japan. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50(1): Island, a seamount in the Indian Ocean. Crustaceana, 82: 95-99.
  • 1177-1203. Ng PKL & Takeda M (2003) Atoportunus, a remarkable new genus
  • Humphreys W, Tetu S, Elbourne L, Gillings M, Seymour J, Mitchell of cryptic swimming crab (Crustacea; Decapoda; Brachyura: J & Paulsen I (2012) Geochemical and microbial diversity of Portunidae), with descriptions of two new species from the Bundera Sinkhole, an anchialine system in the eastern Indian Indo-West Pacific. Micronesica, 35-36: 417-430.
  • Ocean. Natura Croatica, 21 (Supplement 1): 59-63. Nguyen Quang P & Voisin J-F (1998) Influence of cave structure,
  • Iglikowska A & Boxshall GA (2013) Danielopolina revised: microclimate and nest harvesting on the breeding of the White- Phylogenetic relationships of the extant genera of the family nest Swiflet Collocalia fuciphaga germani in Vietnam. Ibis, Thaumatocyprididae (Ostracoda: Myodocopa). Zoologischer 140: 257-264.
  • Anzeiger, 252: 469-485. O'Dowd DJ, Green PT & Lake PS (2003) lnvasional 'meltdown'
  • Iliffe TM, Hart CW Jr & Manning RB (1983) Biogeography and on an oceanic island. Ecology Letters, 6: 812-817.
  • the caves of Bermuda. Nature, 302: 141-142. O'Neil JM, Metzler PM & Gilbert PM (1996) Ingestion of 15N2-
  • Iliffe TM, Wilkens H, Parzefall J & Williams D (1984) Marine lava labelled Trichodesmium spp. and ammonium regeneration cave fauna: composition, biogeography and origins. Science, by the harpacticoid copepod Macrosetella gracilis. Marine 225: 309-311. Biology, 125: 89-96.
  • Jacobson G (1976) The freshwater lens on Home Island on the Parzefall J (2001) A review of morphological and behavioural Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Bureau of Mineral Resources Journal changes in the cave molly, Poecilia mexicana, from Tabasco, of Australian Geology and Geophysics, 1(4): 335-343. Mexico. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 62: 263-275.
  • Jaume D (2008) Global diversity of spelaeogriphaceans Pesce GL & Iliffe TM (2002) New records of cave-dwelling mysids & thermosbaenaceans (Crustacea; Spelaeogriphacea & from the Bahamas and Mexico with description of Palaumysis Thermosbaenacea) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia, 595: 219-224. bahamensis n. sp. (Crustacea: Mysidacea). Journal of Natural
  • Jaume D, Boxshall GA & Humphreys WF (2001) New stygobiont History, 36: 265-278.
  • copepods (Calanoida; Misophrioida) from Bundera sinkhole, Pettifer GR & Polak EJ (1979) Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), an anchialine cenote on north-western Australia. Zoological geophysical survey for groundwater, 1976. Bureau of Mineral Journal of the Linnean Society, London, 133: 1-24. Resources, Geology and Geophysics Record 1979/33, Canberra.
  • Jensen JW, Mylroie JE, Mylroie JR & Wexel C (2002) Revisiting Phillips MJ, Page TJ, de Bruyn MB, Huey JA, Humphreys WF, the carbonate island karst model. Geological Society of America, Hughes JM, Santos SR, Schmidt DJ & Waters JM (2013) The Abstracts with Programme, 34: 226. linking of plate tectonics and evolutionary divergence. Current Biology, 23: R603-R605.
  • Pillans B, Chappell J & Naish TR (1998) A review of the Milankovitch climatic beat: template for Plio -Pleistocene sea-level changes and sequence stratigraphy. Sedimentary Geology, 122: 5-21.
  • Plath M (2007) Male mating behavior and costs of sexual harassment for females in cavernicolous and extremophile populations of Atlantic mollies (Poecilia mexicana). Behaviour, 145: 73-98.
  • Plath M, Parzefall J, Komer KE & Schlupp I (2004) Sexual selection in darkness? Female mating preferences in surface- and cave-dwelling Atlantic Mollies, Poecilia mexicana (Poeciliidae, Teleostei). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 55: 596-601.
  • Platnick NI (2002) A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae: Gnaphooidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 271: 1-243.
  • Pohlman JW (2011) The biogeochemistry of anchialine caves: progress and possibilities. Hydrobiologia, 677: 33-51.
  • Polak EJ (1976) Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), geophysical survey for groundwater, 1973. Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics Record 1976/100, Canberra.
  • Poore GCB &Humphreys WF(1992)First record of Thermosbaenacea (Crustacea) from the Southern Hemisphere: a new species from a cave in tropical Western Australia. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 6: 719-725.
  • Por FD, Dimentman C, Frumkin A & Naaman I (2013) Animal life in the chemoautotrophic ecosystem of the hypogenic groundwater cave of Ayyalon (Israel): a summing up. Natural Science, 5(4A): 7-13.
  • Pospisil P (1992) Methods for describing and sampling the subterranean environment. In: Camacho AI (ed.) The Natural History of Biospeleology. Monografias Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, pp. 107-134.
  • Poulson TL & Lavoie KH (2000) The trophic basis of subsurface ecosystems. In: Wilkens H., Culver DC & Humphreys WF (eds.) Ecosystems of the World, volume 30, Subterranean Ecosystems. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 231-249.
  • Pouyaud L, Sudarto & Teugels GG (2003) The different colour varieties of the Asian arowana Scleropages formosus (Osteoglossidae) are distinct species: morphologic and genetic evidences. Cybium, 27(4): 287-305.
  • Radashevsky VI, Diaz M & Bertran C (2006) Morphology and biology of Prionospio patagonica (Annelida: Spionidae) from Chile. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86: 61-69.
  • Ridgley MA & Chai DK (1990) Evaluating potential biotic benefits from conservation: anchialine ponds in Hawaii. The Environmental Professional, 12: 214-228.
  • Rossetti G, Pinto RL & Martens K (2011) Description of a new genus and two new species of Darwinulidae (Crustacea, Ostracoda), from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) with some considerations on the morphological evolution of ancient asexuals. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 141(2): 55-74
  • Roth LM (1999) New cockroach species, redescriptions, and records, mostly from Australia, and a description of Metanocticola christmasensis gen. et sp. nov., from Christmas Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 19: 327-364.
  • Rouch R & Danielopol DL (1987) L'origine de la faune aquatique souterraine, entre le paradigme du refuge et le modele de la colonisation active. Stygologia, 3(4): 345-372.
  • Schmidt C & Leistikow A (2004) Catalogue of genera of the terrestrial Isopoda (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea). Steenstrupia, 28(1): 1-118.
  • Schon I, Pinto RL, Halse S, Smith AJ, Martens K & Birky CW (2012) Cryptic species in putative ancient asexual darwinulids (Crustacea, Ostracoda). PLoS ONE, 7(7): e39844. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0039844.
  • Seymour JR, Humphreys WF & Mitchell JG (2007) Stratification of the microbial community inhabiting an anchialine sinkhole. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 50: 11-24.
  • SEXI (1987) Speleological Expedition to Christmas Island (1987) log book. Unpublished manuscript. Western Australia Speleological Group (Inc.), P.O. Box 67, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
  • Shimomura M & Fujita Y (2009) First record of the thermosbaenacean genus Halosbaena from Asia: H. daitoensis sp. nov. (Peracarida: Thermosbaenacea: Halosbaenidae) from an anchialine cave of Minamidaito-jima Is., in Okinawa, southern Japan. Zootaxa, 1990: 55-64.
  • Short JW & Meek P (2000) New records of Macrobrachium (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palaemonidae) from Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 20: 81-86.
  • Siddall M, Chappell J & Potter E-K (2006) Eustatic sea-level during past interglacials. In: Sirocko F, Claussen M, Sanchez-Goni MF & Litt Y (eds.) The Climate of Past Interglacials. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 75-92.
  • Sigvaldadottir E (1998) Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related general (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologica Scripta, 27: 175-187.
  • Sket B (1981) Fauna of anchialine (coastal) cave waters, its origin and importance. Proceedings 8th International Congress of Speleology, National Speleological Society, Huntsville, Alabama, pp. 646-647.
  • Sket B (2008) Can we agree on an ecological classification of subterranean animals? Journal of Natural History, 42: 1549-1563.
  • Spate AP & Webb R (1998) Management options for cave use on Christmas Island. Unpublished report to Parks Australia North by the Australian Cave and Karst Management Association Inc., 82 pp.
  • Stock JH, Iliffe TM & Williams D (1986) The concept 'anchialine' reconsidered. Stygologia, 2: 90-92.
  • Tan HH (2014) A new record of cave dwelling pygmy goby (Trimma: Gobiinae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 30: this issue.
  • Tan HH, Naruse T, Fujita Y & Tan SK (2014) Observations on the fauna from submarine and associated anchialine caves in Christmas Island, Indian Ocean Territory, Australia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 30: this issue.
  • Vergnon R, Leijs R, van Nes EH & Scheffer M (2013) Repeated parallel evolution reveals limiting similarity in subterranean diving beetles. American Naturalist, 182: 67-75.
  • Volschenk ES, Locket NA & Harvey MS (2001) First record of a troglobitic ischnurid scorpion from Australasia (Scorpiones: Ischnuridae). In: Fet V & Seldon PA (eds.) Scorpiones 2001. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis. British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, Bucks., UK, pp. 161-170.
  • Wagner HP (1990) Biogeography of the Thermosbaenacea (Crustacea). Memoires de Biospiologie, 17: 123-126.
  • Wilkens H, Iliffe TM, Oromi P, Martinez A, Tysall TN & Koenemann S (2009) The Corona lava tube, Lanzarote: geology, habitat diversity and biogeography. Marine Biodiversity, 39: 155-167.
  • Wilson RS & Humphreys WF (2001) Prionospio thalanji sp. nov. (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from an anchialine cave, Cape Range, northwest Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement No. 64: 105-113.
  • Woodroffe CD (1988) Vertical movement of isolated oceanic islands at plate margins: evidence from emergent reefs ion Tonga (Pacific Ocean), Cayman Islands (Caribbean Sea) and Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Suppl.- Bd., 69: 17-39.