A Microwave Plasma Reformer-Based Hybrid Energy System: Conceptual Design, Techno-Economic Analysis, and Strategic Roadmap for Mobile and Stationary Applications

This preprint presents a conceptual and exploratory hybrid energy system architecture integrating a microwave plasma reformer, liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage with zero boil-off management considerations, a PEM fuel cell module, and an Energy Management Unit. The proposed system is intended to examine whether on-demand hydrogen production from exhaust-derived gases or hydrocarbon feedstocks could reduce dependence on external hydrogen refueling infrastructure.

The work provides a preliminary conceptual framework supported by literature-informed assumptions, simplified thermodynamic and electrochemical considerations, and early-stage subsystem-level analysis. Reported performance values, including reformer efficiency estimates and techno-economic projections, should not be interpreted as experimentally validated results. They are exploratory estimates intended to guide future modeling, feasibility assessment, prototyping, and experimental validation.

Two possible deployment contexts are considered: stationary hydrogen refueling infrastructure and on-board mobile systems for heavy-duty vehicles and maritime applications. The study should be understood as an early-stage conceptual preprint and does not claim demonstrated prototype performance, confirmed commercial readiness, or verified operational results.