Pattern of Semen Analysis Abnormalities Among Male Partners of Infertile Couples Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rajasthan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Male factor infertility contributes significantly to the global burden of infertility and is commonly evaluated using semen analysis. Abnormal semen parameters such as oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, and azoospermia may adversely affect fertility outcomes. Limited regional data are available regarding semen abnormalities among infertile males in Rajasthan.

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the pattern of semen analysis abnormalities among male partners of infertile couples attending a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan and to determine the frequency of different abnormal semen parameters.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan from January 2026 to April 2026. A total of 160 male partners of infertile couples were included using consecutive sampling. Semen samples were collected after 2–7 days of abstinence and analyzed according to WHO laboratory guidelines. Semen parameters including sperm concentration, motility, morphology, semen volume, and liquefaction time were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0.

Results: The majority of participants belonged to the 31–35 years age group, and primary infertility was more common than secondary infertility. Abnormal semen parameters were observed in 66.2% of participants. Reduced sperm motility (44.4%) and reduced sperm concentration (40.0%) were the most common abnormalities. Oligozoospermia was the most frequent semen abnormality, followed by asthenozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia. A statistically significant association was found between longer duration of infertility and abnormal semen parameters (p=0.02).

Conclusion: Abnormal semen parameters are highly prevalent among male partners of infertile couples in the studied population. Semen analysis remains a valuable and cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of male infertility. Early identification of semen abnormalities may facilitate timely management and improve reproductive outcomes.