Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Potential of Citrullus Lanatus Seeds: An In-Vitro Study

Neurodegenerative disorders associated with oxidative stress and neuronal damage represent a growing global health concern, necessitating the exploration of novel plant-based therapeutic agents. Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) seeds are known to contain diverse bioactive phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and essential fatty acids that may exhibit neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro neuroprotective potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds extracts in hexane and methanol. The seeds were processed and extracted using hexane and methanol as solvents, followed by phytochemical screening to identify major secondary metabolites. Neuroprotective activity was assessed through in vitro antioxidant assays, including free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS) and reducing power assays (FRAP), along with evaluation of enzyme inhibitory activity relevant to central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Among the tested extracts, the methanol extract exhibited the highest antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. The results demonstrated significant antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating the ability of the extracts to neutralize oxidative stress, a key factor in neuronal degeneration. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds is suggested to contribute to the observed neuroprotective effects. The findings indicate that Citrullus lanatus seeds possess promising neuroprotective potential and may serve as a natural source for the development of therapeutic agents targeting CNS disorders. Further in vivo and clinical studies are recommended to validate these effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action.