Deterministic Execution and Fixed-Cost Transaction Models in Layer-1 Blockchain Infrastructure: A Systems-Oriented Approach to Predictable Blockchain Execution Environments

Blockchain infrastructure has evolved significantly since the introduction of decentralized peer-to-peer transaction systems. However, many modern Layer-1 blockchain architectures continue to rely on variable fee markets, auction-based transaction prioritization, and execution environments that introduce operational unpredictability, transaction-ordering manipulation, and infrastructure inefficiencies.

This paper explores deterministic execution models and fixed-cost transaction architectures as an alternative framework for blockchain infrastructure design. It examines how predictable execution environments may reduce transaction uncertainty, mitigate Miner/Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)-driven behavior, improve operational forecasting, and enhance blockchain suitability for enterprise systems, decentralized automation platforms, artificial intelligence coordination layers, and machine-driven economies.

Using Vector Smart Chain (VSC) as an implementation-oriented framework, this research analyzes deterministic transaction sequencing, validator coordination models, fixed-cost execution environments, interoperability architecture, and execution-layer predictability within modern distributed blockchain systems.

The paper further explores how blockchain infrastructure may evolve from speculative financial environments into deterministic coordination systems supporting enterprise automation, autonomous agents, decentralized infrastructure coordination, and machine-oriented economic ecosystems.

This publication is intended for research, educational, and infrastructure analysis purposes.

Suggested Citation:

Ansell, J. (2026). Deterministic Execution and Fixed-Cost Transaction Models in Layer-1 Blockchain Infrastructure: A Systems-Oriented Approach to Predictable Blockchain Execution Environments. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20209305

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7847-4687