Investigation of Geomagnetic Field and Equatorial Electrojet Variations Using Data from Low- and Mid-Latitude Stations During the Solar Storms of March and April 2023, and October 2024

Interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the Bz component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), which is the Sun's magnetic field extended into space, causes geomagnetic storms, which are disturbances in the ionosphere (upper atmosphere) and magnetic field of the Earth. The Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) is a strong eastward daytime electric current flowing in the E‐region of the ionosphere, near the magnetic equator. The EEJ is mainly affected by factors such as local solar time (LST), longitude, geomagnetic field, seasonal variations, and solar activity. In this paper we examine the relationship between the IMF Bz component and EEJ fluctuations across Atlantic, Asian, and South American sectors during the geomagnetic storms of March and April 2023 and October 2024 by applying cross‐correlation analysis and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The results show that the EEJ exhibited strong fluctuations during all three storms, showing longitudinal and local time dependency. IMF Bz shows correlation with EEJ in the range of 0.6–0.9; the CWT analysis shows well‐defined periodicities mainly at 2–4 hr and 4–8 hr.