Towards Sustainable Smart Ports: An Intelligent Technology and Governance Framework for Maritime Systems

Background: Ports are evolving from cargo-handling facilities into strategic logistics platforms that are expected to deliver speed, reliability, transparency, and environmental responsibility. Aim: This article examines how intelligent technologies can support the transition toward sustainable smart ports and proposes an integrated governance framework for port authorities and operators. Methodology: The study applies an integrative qualitative literature review supported by selected international port practices. Findings: The proposed Sustainable Smart Port Intelligence Framework (SSPIF) connects IoT sensing, digital connectivity, data governance, AI-enabled analytics, blockchain-supported trust, digital twin simulation, cybersecurity, and sustainability performance management. The article also introduces a maturity roadmap and a Sustainable Port Performance Score to help managers assess whether digital investments create balanced operational, environmental, resilience, and stakeholder value. Conclusion: The article argues that a sustainable smart port cannot be achieved through technology alone. It requires reliable data, institutional coordination, skilled users, cyber resilience, sound regulation, and a clear link between digital intelligence and public value.