Molecular Detection of Coccidiosis in Poultry Farms in Abeokuta and Environs

Coccidiosis is a major parasitic disease of poultry, causing significant economic losses and
threatening food security. Despite prophylactic drug use, outbreaks remain common in tropical
regions, including Nigeria. A total of 111 fecal samples were collected from 70 layer and 41 broiler
flocks across poultry farms in Abeokuta and environs, Ogun State. Samples were examined using
flotation microscopy, and positive samples were subjected to PCR amplification of the ITS-1
region for species identification. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests.
Microscopy revealed Eimeria oocysts in 71.2% of samples, with infection rates of 78.6% in layers
and 58.5% in broilers. PCR confirmed four pathogenic species: E. maxima (200 bp), E. praecox
(272 bp), E. mitis (327 bp), and E. tenella (540 bp). No significant association was found between
prevalence and flock type (χ² = 6.134, P = 0.541). In conclusion, the high infection rates observed
despite prophylactic treatment suggest possible drug tolerance and widespread subclinical
coccidiosis. Ogun State is endemic for multiple Eimeria species, underscoring the need for
improved control strategies.