Atmospheric Proof of Space Viscosity: Why We Should Have Suffocated 4.5 Billion Years Ago

This paper critiques the concept of ”empty space” from the standpoint of biological and atmospheric stability. It is demonstrated that the existence of dense planetary gas envelopes requires a viscous external substrate (ψ-condensate). Without accounting for the rheological resistance of the Ocean (η ≈ 1.2×10^−15 Pa·s), thermal molecular motion would lead to the instantaneous dissipation of atmospheres, and biophysical processes would be deprived of an interaction medium.