Supplementary material for "Environmental Action-Based Learning for Sustainability Competencies: EMKONTAN Model on Environmental Literacy, Creative Thinking, and Collaboration among Pre-Service Biology Teachers"

Sustainability transitions require educators who can translate environmental knowledge into creative, collaborative, and action-oriented learning. This study examined the effectiveness of the Environmental Mapping, Conservation, Action, and Evaluation learning model (EMKONTAN) in strengthening environmental literacy, creative thinking, and collaboration skills among pre-service biology teachers.