D3.1. Simulation model of the microwave pyrolysis

This deliverable outlines the simulation-driven design of a custom microwave-assisted pyrolysis reactor, a core component of the FLEXBY project focused on converting biogenic waste into renewable biofuels. Using CST Studio Suite and material data from T2.1, detailed electromagnetic simulations were conducted to define the applicator’s geometry, dimensions, and microwave coupling configuration. Key design specifications were established, covering material properties (e.g., specific heat capacity, dielectric loss factors), throughput, temperature-time profiles, atmospheric conditions, operating mode (batch or continuous), loading/unloading methods, and control system requirements. The specifications for the flexible general-purpose system were defined with contributions from technical partners CSIC, US, IDENER, and PMI.The reactor features a two-stage configuration—microwave drying followed by pyrolysis under a nitrogen atmosphere—and integrates innovations such as a spiral antenna for field uniformity, advanced control algorithms, and safety systems including hydrogen leak detection. Simulation results validated efficient thermal behavior and process control, forming a robust foundation for prototyping and integration into the FLEXBY workflow.