Published April 28, 2026 | Version v1
Journal article Open

CONSTRUCTION OF A CONVERGENCE COMMUNICATION MODEL: HARMONIZATION OF SOCIAL AND DIGITAL CAPITAL IN CROSS-GENERATIONAL AGRICULTURAL COLLABORATION

  • 1. Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang

Description

The global agricultural sector currently faces a serious threat in the form of a farmer regeneration crisis amidst the ambition to achieve sustainable food security. Although Smart Farming technology is readily available, its adoption rate is hampered by a sharp communication gap between senior farmers and the younger generation. This study aims to construct a convergence communication model capable of harmonizing the social capital of senior farmers and the digital capital of the younger generation. The method used is a qualitative systematic literature review approach . The analysis was conducted on various reputable literature from the Scopus, Web of Science, and Sinta databases spanning the past ten years. The results show a divergence in characteristics between the bonding social capital of senior farmers, which tends to be exclusive, and the digital capital of the younger generation, which is technocentric but lacks social relations. As a solution, this study constructs a Convergence Communication Model that integrates reverse mentoring strategies and cyclical dialogue to achieve mutual understanding . The implications of this model are the creation of an inclusive acceleration of farmer regeneration, increased resource efficiency based on a green economy , and strengthened national food stability through resilient intergenerational asset synergy.

Files

687+T+Konstruksi+Model+Komunikasi+Konvergensi_SIAP+SUBMIT.pdf

Files (587.3 kB)

Additional details

References

  • Agus, A. A., Rizal, A., Muhajir, M., & Jamalong, A. (2025). From awareness to action: rethinking high school civic education for the digital generation in Indonesia. Cogent Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2534156 Agricultural Systems. (2024). Reverse Mentoring in Agriculture: Bridging the Digital Divide between Generations. Vol. 215, 103-120. Arjaliès, D., & Banerjee, S. B. (2024). 'Let's Go to the Land Instead': Indigenous Perspectives on Biodiversity and the Possibilities of Regenerative Capital. Journal of Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.13141 Balyan, S., Jangir, H., Tripathi, S. N., Tripathi, A., Jhang, T., & Pandey, P. (2024). Seeding a Sustainable Future: Navigating the Digital Horizon of Smart Agriculture. Sustainability, 16(2), 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020475 Beacham, J. D., Jackson, P., Jaworski, C. C., Krzywoszynska, A., & Dicks, L. V. (2023). Contextualising farmer perspectives on regenerative agriculture: A post-productivist future? Journal of Rural Studies, 102, 103100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2023.103100 Bekee, B., Segovia, M. S., & Valdivia, C. (2024). Adoption of smart farm networks: a translational process to inform digital agricultural technologies. Agriculture and Human Values, 41(4), 1573–1590. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-024-10566-3 Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood. Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Zhang, W., & Evans, R. (2023). Dialogic communication on local government social media during the first wave of COVID-19: Evidence from the health commissions of prefecture-level cities in China. Computers in Human Behavior, 143, 107715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2023.107715 Cremaschi, A., & Marín, A. (2025). From Commons to Commodities: Seed Regimes Consolidation and Implications to Sustainability Transitions. Review of Political Economy, 37(4), 1479–1509. https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2025.2510690 Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications. Ehrnström-Fuentes, M., & Hokkanen, S. (2025). Resistance as regeneration: the resurgence of more-than-human regenerative farming worlds. Third World Quarterly, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2025.2579183 Giwu, O., Ntlanga, S. S., Bontsa, N. V., Mdiya, L., Gwala, L., Makamane, A., & Mdoda, L. (2025). Youth aspirations and participation in agricultural enterprise: a case study in umzimvubu Local Municipality, Eastern Cape province. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2025.2488110 Glass, L. E. (2023). Social Capital and First-Generation College Students: Examining the Relationship Between Mentoring and College Enrollment. Education and Urban Society, 55(2), 143–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131245221076097 Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Free Press. Habermas, J. (1984). The Theory of Communicative Action. Beacon Press. Hussain, M. A., Li, L., Kalu, A., Wu, X., & Naumovski, N. (2025). Sustainable Food Security and Nutritional Challenges. Sustainability, 17(3), 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17030874 International Journal of Agricultural Extension. (2025). Intergenerational Communication Barriers in Digital Farming Adoption. Vol. 13(1), 45–62. Journal of Rural Studies. (2023). Social Capital and the Resistance to Digital Innovation in Traditional Farming Communities. Vol. 98, 12–25. Kincaid, D. L. (1979). The Convergence Model of Communication. East-West Communication Institute. Land Use Policy. (2025). Integrating Social and Digital Capital for Sustainable Land Management. Vol. 148, 107-115. Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Remaja Rosdakarya. O'Donoghue, T., Minasny, B., & McBratney, A. (2022). Regenerative Agriculture and Its Potential to Improve Farmscape Function. Sustainability, 14(10), 5815. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105815 Ozgun, A. H., Tarim, M., Delen, D., & Zaim, S. (2022). Social capital and organizational performance: The mediating role of innovation activities and intellectual capital. Healthcare Analytics, 2, 100046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.health.2022.100046 Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants Part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1–6. Purc-Stephenson, R., Hartman, C., Marriott, E. K., Phillips, S., & Scotton, C. (2025). Understanding Farmers' Readiness to Develop a Succession Plan: Barriers, Motivators, and Preliminary Recommendations. Sustainability, 17(1), 270. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010270 Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster. Ragnedda, M. (2018). Digital Capital: A Bourdieusian Perspective on the Digital Divide. Emerald Publishing Limited. Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press. Rahman, M. M., & Huq, H. (2023). Implications of ICT for the Livelihoods of Women Farmers: A Study in the Teesta River Basin, Bangladesh. Sustainability, 15(19), 14432. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914432 Schreefel, L., de Boer, I. J. M., Timler, C. J., Groot, J. C. J., Zwetsloot, M. J., Creamer, R. E., Schrijver, A. P., van Zanten, H. H. E., & Schulte, R. P. O. (2022). How to make regenerative practices work on the farm: A modelling framework. Agricultural Systems, 198, 103371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103371 Sun, B., Yu, J., Khattak, S. I., Tariq, S., & Zahid, M. (2025). Digital Innovation, Business Models Transformations, and Agricultural SMEs: A PRISMA-Based Review of Challenges and Prospects. Systems, 13(8), 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13080673 Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Alfabeta. Sustainability. (2024). Digital Natives in Agriculture: Challenges of Social Trust and Rural Integration. Vol. 16(4), 1540–1560. Thilakarathne, N. N., Abu Bakar, M. S., Abas, P. E., & Yassin, H. (2025). Internet of things enabled smart agriculture: Current status, latest advancements, challenges and countermeasures. Heliyon, 11(3), e42136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42136 Toumbourou, T. D., Dressler, W. H., Sanders, A., Liu, E., Brown, T., & Utomo, A. (2023). Who are the future farmers? Media representations of youth in agriculture, food security and 'modern' farming in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 64(2), 188–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12374 Vasavi, S., Anandaraja, N., Murugan, P. P., Latha, M. R., & Pangayar Selvi, R. (2025). Challenges and strategies of resource poor farmers in adoption of innovative farming technologies: A comprehensive review. Agricultural Systems, 227, 104355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2025.104355 Van Dijk, J. (2005). The Deepening Divide: Inequality in the Information Society. SAGE Publications. Watkin, A.-L., & Conway, M. (2022). Building social capital to counter polarization and extremism? A comparative analysis of tech platforms' official blog posts. First Monday. https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v27i5.12611 Yılmaz, A. A. (2025). Cultural Harmony in Defense Industry: A Case Study on Innovative Intercultural Communication. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 491–508. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1464003 Zhang, P., Niu, K., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Liang, Z., Dong, C., Dai, J., Xu, X., Xu, W., Zhang, Z., Wang, G., Li, Y., Wu, D., & Wu, H. (2026). ComAI: The Convergence of Communication and Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 28, 2163–2197. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2025.3608174 Zhou, Q., Xin, Z., Xu, Y., & Fong, P. S. W. (2025). Bridging Generations: Key Determinants of Intergenerational Knowledge Transfer from Older to Younger Employees in Green Building Projects. Buildings, 15(24), 4449. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15244449