BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY IN PARALYSIS PATIENTS

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology represents a transformative advance in modern neurorehabilitation, offering new opportunities for restoring function in individuals affected by paralysis. This narrative review examines BCI approaches applied to patients with spinal cord injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders. Invasive, non-invasive, and minimally invasive methodologies are discussed, with evaluation of their utility in motor recovery, assistive device operation, and communication restoration. A comprehensive 2025 meta-analysis demonstrated significant improvements of 3.26 points on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity favoring BCI interventions over conventional therapy. The expanding global BCI market, valued at USD 3.07 billion in 2025 with projections reaching USD 13.32 billion by 2035, underscores growing commercial and clinical investment. While substantial technical and regulatory challenges persist, BCI systems hold considerable promise for enhancing rehabilitation outcomes and restoring autonomy.