Pathophysiology and Complications of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Stepwise Visual Infographic

* Stepwise visual infographic explaining the **pathophysiology and complications of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)**.

* Demonstrates how **genetic predisposition** and **environmental factors** (obesity, poor diet, inactivity, stress) contribute to PCOS development.

* Illustrates the role of **obesity-induced insulin resistance** leading to **compensatory hyperinsulinemia**.

* Highlights the **metabolic effects** of hyperinsulinemia, including increased risk of:

  * Type 2 diabetes mellitus

  * Dyslipidemia

  * Cardiovascular disease

* Explains the **neuroendocrine effects** of hyperinsulinemia through altered **GnRH pulsatility** and elevated **LH:FSH ratio**.

* Shows how hormonal imbalance leads to **hyperandrogenism**, causing:

  * Hirsutism

  * Acne

  * Androgenic alopecia

* Describes **impaired follicular maturation**, resulting in:

  * Anovulation

  * Irregular menstrual cycles / amenorrhea

  * Infertility

  * Increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia/cancer

  * Multiple small ovarian cysts on ultrasound

* Includes the **Rotterdam diagnostic criteria** for PCOS:

  1. Oligo-/anovulation

  2. Hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical)

  3. Polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound

* Designed as an educational resource for **medical students, healthcare professionals, and educators**.