Питання суверенітету України в працях Карла Ньотцеля і Альбрехта Пенка часів Першої світової війни

In the article the author compares the vision of the problem of the separation of Ukraine from Russia and Poland, which developed during the First World War among famous German scholars of the first half of the twentieth century – Albrecht Penck and Karl Nötzel. The author, basing his research on the circulation of a number of German-language sources and literature, builds a three-perspective analysis of the views of both scholars on the problem of Ukrainian sovereignty. These are, firstly, the
differences between Ukraine and Russia in socio-political and historical terms; secondly, these are the differences between Ukraine and Poland in historical, natural-geographic and social demarcation; thirdly, it is the role and place of Galicia in asserting the separateness of Ukraine and leading the struggle for its independence.