A Comprehensive Review of Organic Farming in India: Current Status, Challenges, Benefits, and Future Prospects

Organic farming has surfaced as a sustainable agricultural method that responds to increasing concerns regarding environmental damage, food safety, and health issues linked to traditional farming techniques. This extensive review explores the present condition, challenges faced, advantages gained, and future outlook for organic farming in India. The research compiles insights from peer-reviewed articles, governmental publications, and empirical studies released between 2000 and 2023. Findings reveal that India ranks ninth worldwide in terms of land dedicated to organic agriculture, with around 2.3 million hectares cultivated organically, and holds the top position for the number of organic producers with over 1.3 million farmers engaged in this practice. Organic farming showcases enhanced environmental outcomes by improving soil health, conserving biodiversity, and lowering pollution levels. Economic evaluations suggest that while initial yields may drop by 9.2-25% during transition periods to organic practices, farmers benefit from net profits that are 22% higher due to price premiums ranging from 20-40%, along with an 11.7% reduction in production costs. Nonetheless, notable challenges remain, such as insufficient policy frameworks for domestic markets, limited access to organic inputs, high certification fees, and inadequate marketing infrastructure. This review highlights significant research deficiencies and offers policy recommendations aimed at fortifying India's organic farming sector while stressing the importance of region-specific strategies that marry traditional knowledge with scientific advancements.