Exploring the Application of Hybrid Polling Systems in Indian Elections: Legal Compatibility and Future Prospects

Abstract: This paper aims to explore the potential of implementing an online polling system in Indian elections as well as its legal compatibility, advantages, and the challenges associated with its application. Present conventional voting methods have some drawbacks, like the security of the voters and the polling staff, challenges related to accessibility, booth capturing, logistical costs, time-consuming, etc., which conventional voting methods possess, may be resolved with the application of a hybrid polling system (i.e. combined use of online polling platforms with the conventional voting methods) (Election Commission of India [ECI], 2023). However, the feasibility of online voting in India is limited due to cybersecurity concerns, the digital divide, voter authentication, voter privacy, technological infrastructure, and legal barriers (NITI Aayog, 2019). This paper will assess the legal aspects of the online voting landscape in India, explore the possible legal framework, security technologies, education and awareness about online polling systems, and the digital infrastructure required to secure online voting, and discuss the implications for voter trust and transparency. Drawing on global examples and pilot studies, the paper may suggest a framework for gradual implementation. This phased-based approach includes legal reform, pilot programs, hybrid systems, and education and awareness for people, designed to equip them to use online polling platforms. Through this research paper, the authors aim to provide a comprehensive roadmap for the future of the hybrid voting system in India, highlighting the transformative potential of the digital polling system in strengthening democratic participation while ensuring security and fairness.

Keywords:  Indian Election, Online Polling, Hybrid System, Cost-Effective, Legal Aspects.