Published April 27, 2026 | Version v1

FUNDAMENTAL GURUH TUSHUNCHASI

Description

Ushbu maqolada algebraik topologiyaning muhim tushunchalaridan biri bo‘lgan fundamental guruh nazariyasi keng yoritiladi. Fundamental guruhning ta’rifi, uning hosil bo‘lishi, asosiy xossalari hamda turli topologik fazolarni o‘rganishdagi ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi.

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References

  • 1. Xo'jayev T., To'xtasinov M. Topologiya asoslari. Toshkent, 2010.