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Published April 27, 2026 | Version v4

KNoTE dataset

Description

Project Overview

KNoTE (Korean Novel TEI Encoded) dataset

Unlike simple text conversion, this dataset follows the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) P5 guidelines. It includes detailed metadata, character descriptions, linguistic variations (Hanja/Hangul), and semantic tagging.

Key Features

  • TEI Standard: Fully compliant with TEI P5 (<teiHeader>, <body>, <div>).
  • Characters: Linked via xml:id and ref (e.g., <persName ref="#YB">).
  • Linguistic Mapping: Original Hanja and modern Hangul mapped via <foreign xml:lang="zh">.
  • Entities: Places (<placeName>), Dates (<date>), and Times (<time>).
  • Scholarly Metadata: Includes source descriptions, publication history, and revision logs.

XML Structure Example (Snippet)

The dataset uses a hierarchical structure to capture both the content and the context of the literature:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>낙오자</title>
        <author>이익상</author>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>TEI 인코딩</resp>
          <name>지해인<idno type="ISNI">0000 0005 2802 5223</idno></name>
          <email>cihayin [at] gmail.com</email>
        </respStmt>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>TEI 검수</resp>
          <name>박선영<idno type="ORCID">0009-0001-1340-0455</idno></name>
          <email>sun09125 [at] gmail.com</email>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>한국학중앙연구원 인문정보학과</publisher>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl type="digitalSource" xml:lang="ko">
          <title level="a">낙오자</title>
          <author>이익상</author>
          <publisher>Wikisource(한국어)</publisher>
          <idno type="wikisource">https://ko.wikisource.org/wiki/낙오자</idno>
          <idno type="wikisource-info">https://ko.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=낙오자&amp;action=info</idno>
          <note type="acquisition">작업자 지해인이 위키문헌 항목에서 raw data를 취득함.</note>
        </bibl>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
    <encodingDesc>
      <projectDesc>
        <p>본 전자본은 TEI P5 지침(TEI Lite)에 따라 구조화함.</p>
      </projectDesc>
    </encodingDesc>
    <profileDesc>
      <langUsage>
        <language ident="ko">Korean</language>
      </langUsage>
      <textClass>
        <keywords scheme="local">
          <term>근현대 한국문학</term>
          <term>단편소설</term>
        </keywords>
      </textClass>
      <particDesc>
        <listPerson>
          <person xml:id="ZH">
            <persName xml:lang="ko">진화</persName>
            <persName xml:lang="zh">鎭華</persName>
          </person>
          <person xml:id="M">
            <persName xml:lang="ko">M</persName>
          </person>
          <personGrp xml:id="EP">
            <persName xml:lang="ko">모든 사람</persName>
            <note>진화가 본 길가에 지나가는 모든 사람</note>
          </personGrp>
        </listPerson>
      </particDesc>
    </profileDesc>
    <revisionDesc>
      <change when="2025-12-07" who="#지해인">작업자 지해인이 TEI 인코딩을 완료함.</change>
      <change when="2026-02-18" who="#박선영">작업자 박선영이 TEI 검수를 완료함.</change>
    </revisionDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div>
        <p>일 개월을 지나지 못하여 자기 수대(<foreign xml:lang="zh">數代</foreign>) 전래하는 주택을 훼철(<foreign xml:lang="zh">毁撤</foreign>)치 아니 못할 운명에 당한 <persName ref="#ZH">진화</persName>는 책보를 곁에 끼고 <orgName>C사</orgName> 정문을 나왔다. 문 앞에서 한 번 주저하며 뒤에 있는 현관을 돌아다보며, <said aloud="true" direct="false" who="#ZH">이곳에 다시 발을 들여놓으면 <rs ref="#ZH">나</rs>는 사람이 아니</said>라고 중얼거리며 나왔다. <said aloud="false" direct="false" mode="thought" who="#ZH">위선자, 협잡배들이 가면을 쓰고 권력하에서 굽실굽실 아첨하는 것을 차마 볼 수 없다</said>고 <persName ref="#ZH">진화(<foreign xml:lang="zh">鎭華</foreign>)</persName>는 생각했다. <rs ref="#ZH">그</rs>는 머리를 들어 가로에 분주히 다니는 <persName ref="EP">모든 사람</persName> 얼굴을 의미 있게 쳐다보았다. 다 평화로운 듯하다. <said who="#EP" aloud="false" direct="true" mode="thought" agent="#ZH"><rs ref="#ZH">너</rs>는 <rs ref="#ZH" type="epithet">낙오자</rs>이다······.</said> 조소하는 것 같다. <rs ref="#ZH">그</rs>의 머리에서는 한 달 지나면 집을 헐어야 하는 것이 간단없이 울리어 온다.</p>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>

List of Works

No. Author (English) Author (Korean) Title (English / Transliteration) Title (Korean) Year
1 Yi In-jik 이인직 Tears of Blood (Hyeol-ui Nu) 혈의 누 1906
2 Yi Hae-jo 이해조 The Iron World (Cheol-segye) 철세계 1908
3 Yi Kwang-su 이광수 The Heartless (Mujeong - Short Story) 무정(단편) 1910
4 Yi Hae-jo 이해조 Blood of Flowers (Hwa-ui Hyeol) 화의 혈 1911
5 Kim Myeong-sun 김명순 The Girl of Mystery (Uisim-ui Sonyeo) 의심의 소녀 1917
6 Na Hye-seok 나혜석 Kyung-hee 경희 1918
7 Na Hye-seok 나혜석 To the Revived Granddaughter 회생한 손녀에게 1918
8 Kim Dong-in 김동인 The Sorrows of the Weak 약한 자의 슬픔 1919
9 Yi Ik-sang 이익상 The Straggler (Nagoja) 낙오자 1919
10 Hyun Jin-geon 현진건 A Poor Wife (Bincheo) 빈처 1921
11 Na Hye-seok 나혜석 Gyu-won 규원 1921
12 Hyun Jin-geon 현진건 A Society That Drives You to Drink 술 권하는 사회 1921
13 Choi Seo-hae 최서해 Nostalgia (Hyangsu) 향수 1924
14 Hyun Jin-geon 현진건 A Lucky Day (Unsu Joeun Nal) 운수 좋은 날 1924
15 Kim Dong-in 김동인 Potato (Gamja) 감자 1925
16 Hyun Jin-geon 현진건 Director B and the Love Letters B사감과 러브레터 1925
17 Na Do-hyang 나도향 The Watermill (Mullebang-a) 물레방아 1925
18 Bang Jeong-hwan 방정환 For Our Friends 동무를 위하여 1927
19 Bang Jeong-hwan 방정환 The Eternal Shirt (Mannyeon Shirt) 만년 셔츠 1927
20 Bang Jeong-hwan 방정환 The Gold Watch 금시계 1929
21 Kim Dong-in 김동인 Dr. K's Research K박사의 연구 1929
22 Kim Nam-cheon 김남천 Water (Mul) 1933
23 Chae Man-sik 채만식 Ready-made Life 레디메이드 인생 1934
24 Kang Kyeong-ae 강경애 Salt (Sogeum) 소금 1934
25 Gye Yong-mook 계용묵 Adada the Idiot (Baekchi Adada) 백치 아다다 1935
26 Kim Yu-jeong 김유정 The Camellias (Dongbaek-kkot) 동백꽃 1936
27 Yi Sang 이상 The Wings (Nalgae) 날개 1936
28 Yi Hyo-seok 이효석 When Buckwheat Flowers Bloom 메밀꽃 필 무렵 1936
29 Chae Man-sik 채만식 Uncle Chi-suk 치숙 1938
30 Jeong In-taek 정인택 Melancholy (Uuljeung) 우울증 1940
31 Kim Sa-ryang 김사량 The Man Met in the Detention Center 유치장에서 만난 사나이 1941
32 Ji Ha-ryeon 지하련 The Journey (Dojeong) 도정 1946
33 Kang So-cheon 강소천 The Photo Studio that Takes Pictures of Dreams 꿈을 찍는 사진관 1954

 

Table 1 (Extended): TEI elements and attributes used in the KNoTE dataset

This table extends the original Table 1 to cover every TEI element and key attribute actually found in the KNoTE TEI files (dataset/*.xml, 33 works). It keeps the original four-column format — Category, Element, Key Attributes, Function — but adds the categories and tags omitted from the published table (dates, times, measures, terms, editorial/apparatus markup, named entities, stand-off annotation, etc.). Counts in parentheses are how many times the attribute occurs in the corpus. Obvious encoding typos in the source (e.g. subtyep, driect, calender, fasle, rolename, listPalce) are normalised to their canonical TEI spelling.

TEI Header

Category Element Key Attributes Function
TEI Header teiHeader

Root metadata wrapper for each text

TEI Header fileDesc

Bibliographic description of the electronic file

TEI Header titleStmt

Title, author, encoder credits

TEI Header respStmt xml:id

Encoder/reviewer attribution

TEI Header email

Encoder/contributor email address

TEI Header resp

Nature of the responsibility (encoding, review)

TEI Header author ref

Work's author, linked to authority record

TEI Header editor role

Editor responsible for the edition

TEI Header publicationStmt

Publication/distribution statement

TEI Header publisher ref

Publishing body

TEI Header idno type

Identifier (ISNI, ORCID, wikidata, wikisource, encykorea, uci, …)

TEI Header sourceDesc

Source provenance container

TEI Header bibl type, xml:lang

Source citation (digitalSource, originalSource, reference)

TEI Header biblStruct type, xml:lang

Structured bibliographic citation

TEI Header analytic

Analytic-level bibliographic info (article/story)

TEI Header monogr

Monograph-level bibliographic info

TEI Header imprint

Imprint (place, publisher, date) within monogr

 

TEI Header series

Series-level bibliographic info

TEI Header biblScope unit

Scope of a citation (page, volume)

TEI Header listBibl

List of bibliographic items

TEI Header relatedItem type

Related bibliographic item

TEI Header encodingDesc

Encoding standard (TEI ALL)

TEI Header projectDesc

Goal/scope of the encoding project

TEI Header classDecl

Classification-scheme declarations

TEI Header taxonomy xml:id

Taxonomy used for textClass keywords

TEI Header category xml:id

A category within a taxonomy

TEI Header catDesc

Description of a taxonomy category

TEI Header profileDesc

Non-bibliographic description of the text

TEI Header langUsage

Languages used in the text

TEI Header language ident

A language present (ident="ko")

TEI Header textClass

Classification/keywords container

TEI Header keywords scheme

Subject keywords (scheme="local")

TEI Header abstract

Short summary of the work

TEI Header revisionDesc

Revision history container

TEI Header change when, who

Encoding/review dates and agent

Characters / Participants

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Characters particDesc

Description of participants (character registry wrapper)

Characters listPerson xml:id, type

Character registry

Characters person xml:id, sex, role, sameAs, type, ref

Individual character

Characters personGrp xml:id, type, role, sex, corresp

Collective character group

Characters persName xml:id, xml:lang, type, sex

Name in Korean or Hanja (in registry)

Characters roleName ref, type, subtype

Title/role component of a name (occupation, etc.)

Characters occupation ref

Character's occupation

Characters relation name, active, passive, mutual

Relationship between characters

Characters listRelation

List of character relationships

Characters roleDesc

Description of a person's role

Entities (named-entity mentions in the text)

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Entities persName ref, xml:lang, type, sex, who, sameAs

Named character mention

Entities rs ref, type, subtype, corresp, sex, ana, who, mode

Referring string — pronoun/epithet/general reference. type ∈ {person, place, object, org, occupation, person_group, pronoun, event, group, epithet, animal, vehicle, vessel, food, …}

Entities placeName ref, type, subtype, xml:lang, sameAs, corresp, xml:id

Place name (country, city, district, facility, river, station, …)

Entities orgName ref, type, subtype, xml:lang, corresp

Organisation name (school, military, police, newspaper, ethnicity, …)

Entities roleName ref, type, subtype

Occupational/honorific title in running text

Entities objectName ref, type, subtype, xml:lang

Name of a notable object

Entities name type, corresp, ref, xml:id

Generic proper name (language, deity, plant, brand, studies)

Entities term type, subtype, ref, corresp

Domain/concept term (ideology, concept, food, disease, occupation, …)

Entities gloss

Gloss/explanation attached to a term

Dates, Times & Events

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Dates & Time date when, type, subtype, from, to, dur, calendar, quantity, ref

Date reference. type ∈ {season, frequency, holiday, century, year, duration, marketDay, historicalPeriod, …}; calendar ∈ {lunar, gregorian}

Dates & Time time when, type, subtype, from, to, dur

Time-of-day reference (morning, evening, night, daytime, season, frequency, …)

Dates & Time event xml:id, from, to, sameAs

Event with temporal span

Dates & Time listEvent

List of events

Measures & Quantities

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Measures measure type, unit, quantity, atLeast, atMost, from, to, subtype, ref, precision

Measured quantity. type ∈ {currency, age, count, amount, duration, distance, length, time, degree, volume, depth, area, weight}; unit ∈ {year, KRW, won, jeon, 里, pyeong, 兩, 尺, 名, 間, …}

Speech & Quotation

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Speech said who, aloud, direct, mode, agent, type

Direct speech, thought, or monologue. aloud/direct ∈ {true, false}; mode ∈ {thought, soliloquy, recollection, imagined, dream}

Speech q type, who, subtype

Quotation (letter, note, essay, proverb, lyrics, leaflet)

Speech quote type, source, ref

Quoted passage attributed to a source

Speech seg type

Arbitrary segment (e.g. narratorial_commentary)

Language

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Language foreign xml:lang, type

Hanja (xml:lang="zh") / Japanese (xml:lang="ja") preserved within Hangul

Structure

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Structure text

The body of a single work

Structure floatingText type

Embedded text (letter, inset narrative)

Structure body

Main text body

Structure div type, n

Chapter/section division (chapter, embedded, frame, preface, afterword, letter, …)

Structure head

Chapter/section title

Structure p xml:lang

Paragraph

Structure lb

Line break

Structure epigraph

Epigraph at the head of a text/division

Structure opener

Opening matter of a division

Structure closer

Closing matter of a division

Structure salute

Salutation within an opener/closer

Structure signed

Signature within a closer

Structure dateline

Date/place line in opener/closer

Structure address

Postal/address block

Structure addrLine

A line within an address

Editorial / Apparatus

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Editorial choice

Wraps alternative readings (orig/reg, sic/corr)

Editorial sic

Apparent error reproduced from the source

Editorial corr

Editorial correction of an error

Editorial orig

Original (non-normalised) form

Editorial reg xml:lang, cert

Regularised/normalised form

Editorial supplied resp, cert

Text supplied by the editor

Editorial gap reason, desc

Omitted/illegible material (illegible, physical damage, omission)

Editorial note type, corresp, resp, place

Editorial/authorial annotation

Editorial desc

Prose description (of a gap, object, etc.)

Editorial ref target, type

Cross-reference/pointer

Editorial title level, type, ref

Title mention (level ∈ a, m, j, s)

Stand-off Annotation (registries outside the text)

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Stand-off standOff

Container for stand-off annotation/registries

Stand-off settingDesc

Setting description (places/events)

Stand-off listPlace

Registry of places

Stand-off place xml:id, sameAs, type, subtype, ana, corresp

A place in the registry

Stand-off placeName (see Entities)

Place name within a place

 

Stand-off settlement ref

Settlement (town/city)

Stand-off region ref

Region

Stand-off country ref

Country

Stand-off location

Geographic location of a place

Stand-off geo

Geographic coordinates

Stand-off offset

Spatial offset relative to another place

Stand-off listOrg

Registry of organisations

Stand-off org xml:id, type, sameAs

An organisation in the registry

Stand-off listObject

Registry of objects

Stand-off object type, ref, xml:id, sameAs, subtype

A notable object in the registry

Stand-off objectIdentifier

Identifier block for an object

Stand-off interpGrp type

Group of interpretive annotations

Stand-off interp xml:id, corresp

An interpretive annotation/value

Root

Category Element Key Attributes Function
Root TEI xml:lang

Root element of each TEI document

Notes

  • Scope. Element and attribute inventory is drawn from the 33 fully-encoded TEI files in dataset/. The rawdata/ folder (311 files) is pre-TEI scraped Wikisource content using non-TEI tags (work, paragraph, heading, content, …) and is therefore not part of this TEI schema table.

  • Attribute frequency. The most-used referring elements are rs (~12,370 occurrences), persName (~6,445), p (~6,469) and said (~3,476); the additions over the original Table 1 — date, time, measure, term, object, editorial/apparatus and stand-off elements — appear hundreds of times each and were absent from the published table.

  • Normalisation. A handful of mis-spelled tags/attributes exist in the raw files (rolenameroleName, listPalcelistPlace, subtyepsubtype, driect/direct, calendercalendar, faslefalse, sameASsameAs). These are listed here under their correct TEI forms. 

License & Attribution

This dataset is maintained and inspired by the Digital Humanities Lab at the Academy of Korean Studies. Licensed under CC BY 4.0.

This dataset uploaded to Zenodo, and a DOI issued for formal academic citation. (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19813475)

Files

01_Yi In-jik_Tears of Blood (Hyeol-ui Nu).xml

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Additional details

Funding

Academy of Korean Studies
TEI/XML Construction Methodology for Korean Modern Literature in Humanities Data Design Education AKSR2025-RE10

Dates

Issued
2026-02-18
The date of v1 release

Software

Repository URL
https://github.com/AKS-DHLAB/KNoTE
Programming language
Python , XML
Development Status
Active