A Temporal-Spatial Balloon Universe: A New Conceptual Primitive for Gravity and a Global Cosmological Model that Dissolves the Principal Paradoxes of ΛCDM

This paper proposes a conceptual reframing of cosmology and fundamental physics grounded in two related primitives: (1) a new local primitive for gravity, understood as an invariant, extremely weak action concentrated by radial geometry rather than as curvature taken as ontologically primitive; and (2) a universal primitive in which gravity is the manifestation of space attracting space, with matter understood as almost entirely spatial in constitution. From these two primitives, a global cosmological model emerges — a temporal-spatial balloon universe — in which the Big Bang occupies the non-extant centre, the present universe constitutes the extant expanding shell, and all observation is directed inward through collapsed temporal layers rather than outward through expanding spatial ones.

This model preserves all local predictions of General Relativity while offering a global topology that requires no metric expansion of space, no inflationary epoch, and no dark energy. Fifteen major paradoxes and observational tensions of the standard Lambda-CDM model dissolve naturally under this framework without the introduction of any new particle, force, dimension, or ad hoc construct.

The paper further develops a three-factor mechanism of gravitational action — the invariant spatial action, its radial geometric concentration within the physical size of objects, and the bounce-back resistance of internal space within matter — that provides the first causal explanation of why gravity is an accelerative action and why compact objects behave as they do across the stellar progression from normal stars to black holes.

A speculative but physically motivated confined fabric hypothesis is then presented, proposing that the four fundamental forces of physics are one gravitational fabric operating under four different geometric conditions, that quantum mechanical phenomena are physically explained as confined fabric behaviour, that nuclear energy is geometric amplification release, and that the Big Bang energy source is the confinement threshold reached by the contracting body of the previous universe driven by space attracting space.

The paper is presented as a conceptual and logical proposal, offered as an invitation to formal mathematical formalisation. All standard empirical predictions of General Relativity are explicitly preserved.