Published April 25, 2026 | Version v5
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Holography Without an Original

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We propose that holography is not a special feature of Anti-de Sitter space but a universal principle governing all of physics. The key is a clean distinction between two types of observers: outside observers, sitting at the boundary of spacetime, and inside observers, embedded within it and carrying entropy. The closed universe, which has no boundary, is not a pathological special case — it is the revelatory one. It strips away the outside observer and makes visible what was always true: the universe observing itself from within. The inside observers, taken jointly, constitute the hologram. There is no original.

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Created
2026-04-24