Experimental study and numerical modelling on multi-pulse laser ablation of aluminium with femtosecond laser

An experimental and fundamental study of aluminium ablation using multi-pulse ultrashort laser irradiation at a wavelength of 1032 um and a pulse duration of 280 fs has been carried out. Experiments were performed with different fluences and pulse numbers, and measurements were taken for both ablation depths and diameters. The theoretical investigation proposes a new way to account for incubation in the material based on the experimental measurements obtained. Subsequently, the development of the one-dimensional Two-Temperature Model (TTM) was carried out, which includes the dynamic evolution of the thermophysical and optical properties as well as the incubation effect and the different ablation regimes for multi-pulse. The experimentally measured depth values and those obtained by the developed model are in close agreement for ablation depth across the entire range of fluences studied, therefore, this model provides a reliable tool for determining ablation depths even before material processing begins.