MOFs and nanozymes in electrochemical environmental (bio)sensing: recent advances and field translation

Electrochemical (bio)sensing is increasingly positioned as a practical complement to laboratory-based analytical

methodologies for environmental monitoring, especially where high-frequency, on-site measurements are

required. In this context, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and nanozymes have rapidly gained wide interest to

reshape the electrode not just as a passive conductor, but as a versatile interface.