Orthogonalys inornata sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 169D8EE0-EDE9-4B71-A75C-3815C05A1D1E

Figs 5–6

Diagnosis

Both sexes of this species are easily distinguished from all other Orthogonalys by the completely black coloration except for distinctive yellow marks on mandibles and reddish-brown marks on some parts of the legs (Figs 5A–C, 6A–C). A well-developed supra-antennal elevation and a densely punctate head (particulary on supra-antennal elevation, clypeus, frons, mandible) and mesosoma (mesoscutum, scutellum) are also diagnostic.

Etymology

The specific epithet is named after the Latin adjective ‘inornata ’, meaning ‘lacking decoration’ (‘inornate’), the species being remarkable for the absence of the bright markings usually encountered in this genus.

Type material

Holotype

SOUTH KOREA – Jeollanam-do • ♀; Piagol valley, Mt Jirisan, Jikjeok, Toji-myeon, Gurye-gun; 35˚16.39′ N, 127˚33.91′ E; 1–15 Jun. 2003; C. Young leg.; MT on shade clearing in forest; NIBR.

Paratypes

SOUTH KOREA – Gangwon-do • 1 ♂; Nodong valley, Nodong-li, Yongpyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun; 37°42.08′ N, 127°28.89′ E; 900 m a.s.l.; 5–14 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT on shade area in larch-planted forest with small bamboo undergrowth; DHU • 1 ♀, 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 14–23 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 5 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 5 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 23 May–3 Aug. 2006; P. Tierre leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; near Dongdaesa, Mt Odaesan; 37°44.31′ N, 128°35.71′ E; 800 m a.s.l.; 15 May–3 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; 4 MTs in old Korean fir forest; DHU • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 3–21 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 2 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 21 Jun.–2 Jul. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♀, 4 ♂♂; Balsan-ri, Nam-myeon, Chuncheon-si; 37°43.29′ N, 127°37.73′ E; 300 m a.s.l.; 17 May–6 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in shaded forest area with sparse low plants on soil; PTC • 1 ♀, 3 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 6–24 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Chungcheongnam-do • 1 ♂; near Pohyeonsa, Seokdong-ri, Nami-myeon, Geumsan-gun; 36°03.494′ N, 127°27.225′ E; 27 Apr.–14 May 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in forested area; PTC • 4 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 14 May–1 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 1–8 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; Boseoksa, Seongguk-ri, Nami-myeon, Geumsan-gun; 36°03.073′ N, 127°28.688′ E; 2–7 Jul. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT across forest trail; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 5–9 Jun. 1998; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 21–25 May 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4–10 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 10–13 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 13–18 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 28–31 Jun. 1999; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Daejeon Metropolitan City • 1 ♂; Daedeok-gu; 36°24.02′ N, 127°25.98′ E; 6–28 May 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT along forest on wild Rosa L. patch; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 28 May–19 Jun. 2006; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 24 Apr.–20 May 2007; P. Tripotin leg.; 3 MTs on tombs and gardens on small forested hills; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 20 May–19 Jun. 2007; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC. – Jeollabuk-do • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Geomok-ri, Jeoksang-myeon, Muju-gun; 35°96.194′ N, 127°69.717′ E; 515 m a.s.l., 15–26 May 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT near rivulet in deciduous forest; PTC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 26 May–12 Jun. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; 12 Jun.–2 Jul. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 35°98.147′ N, 127°68.937′ E; 250 m a.s.l.; 26 May–12 Jun. 2022; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in deciduous forest on Rubus; PTC • 1 ♀; Mileuk-san, Iksan-si; 10 Jun.–1 Jul. 2006; C. Young leg.; MT in forest; PTC. – Gyeongsangnam-do • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; Mt Jirisan, Samjeong-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun; 35˚20.55′ N, 127˚38.21′ E; 16–31 May 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT in shade forest edge along big clearing; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; DHU • 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding; 1–15 Jun. 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 22 Jun.– 6 Jul. 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; DHU • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 11–18 May 2003; P. Tripotin leg.; MT near small mountain stream; PTC • 3 ♂♂; Munsusa, Mt Jirisan, Seongjeon-ri, Hamyang-gun; 35°24.739′ N, 127°43.818′ E; 400 m a.s.l.; 5 May–4 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT near mountain stream in forested area; PTC • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; same data as for for preceding; 4–19 Jun. 2005; P. Tripotin leg.; MT; PTC.

Description

Female [holotype characteristics in square brackets]

MEASUREMENTS. Body length 7.8–10.3 [10.2] mm, fore wing length 6.3–8.2 [8.1] mm.

HEAD (Fig. 5C–D). In frontal view 1.4 × as broad as long, with dorsal margin weakly rounded. Dorsal length of posterior head 0.9 × as long as dorsal length of eye, genal width 1.1 × as long as eye width. Antenna with 23–24 [24] segments. Supra-antennal elevation in dorsal view strongly and more or less divergently produced, asymmetrical semi-elliptic, sclerotized throughout, without posterior lamella; distance between supra-antennal elevations 0.33 × as long as distance between eyes at level of supra-antennal elevation; area between supra-antennal elevations with median tiny but distinct triangular tubercle. Median length of malar space almost as long as anterior ocellus diameter. Occipital carina meets hypostomal carina near inner edge of mandible, slightly broadened dorsally with weak longitudinal inner keels. Frons except inner orbits and depressions lateral to toruli, supra-antennal elevations, supraclypeal area, clypeus, and mandible except for teeth densely punctate to punctate-reticulate. Ocellar region and vertex sparsely punctate, punctures spaced by 1–2 puncture diameter and much smaller than those on frons; outer orbit broadly smooth, remainder gena sparsely punctate.

MESOSOMA (Fig. 5F–G). Median lobe of mesonotum highly elevated, much higher than lateral lobes. Notauli broad and deep, with transverse inner keels over their entire length. Anterior propodeal furrow shallow, not distinctly furrowed; very broad throughout, slightly narrower than anterior ocellus diameter, with pair of submedial longitudinal carinae extending to propodeal dorsum and weak shorter inner longitudinal carinae laterally. Propodeal foramen carina obtuse triangular with apex arcuate, about 4.1 × as broad as long, distant from foramen (Fig. 5G). Propleuron, pronotal side, almost entire posterior inclined face of mesopleuron, metapleuron, and areas lateral to scutellar and metanotal disks smooth and shiny, at most with sparse, tiny punctures. Median lobe of mesoscutum irregularly punctate-reticulate; lateral lobes densely punctate except smooth linear area surrounding parapsidal lines. Upper one-third of ventral mesopleuron longitudinally carinate, densely punctate in lower two-thirds. Dorsum of scutellar disk densely, longitudinally carinate; lateral vertical face irregularly reticulate; posterior declivity smooth and shiny. Metanotal disk with oblique fine striae medially and transverse striae posteriorly; metanotal trough with dense longitudinal carinae. Propodeal dorsum and side strongly areolate-rugulose.

METASOMA (Fig. 5H–I). Tergum I in dorsal view 0.83–0.87 [0.87] × as long as broad posteriorly; in lateral view slightly convex. Tergum I almost smooth anteriorly, minutely punctate posteriorly; terga II–VI and entire sterna weakly coriaceous with sparse, fine punctures.

SETAE. Entire body covered with short, suberect to erect, brownish yellow setae.

WINGS (Fig. 5E). Entirely hyalin. Submarginal cell II not petiolate to very shortly petiolate proximally [not petiolate], anteriorly receiving 1m-cu; longer and slenderer than submarginal cell III, 1.5–1.7 [1.6] × as long as and 0.46 × as high as submarginal cell III.

COLOR. Almost entire body black (Fig. 5A–B). Mandible except teeth yellow (Fig. 5C). Trochantelli of all legs, fore femur posteriorly, fore and mid tibiae, fore and mid tarsomeres yellowish brown (Fig. 5B).

Male

As in female, but differs in following details: body length 9.4–9.8 mm, fore wing length 7.4–8.1 mm. Antenna with 22–24 segments. Metasoma much slenderer (Fig. 6A, D). Metasomal tergum I in dorsal view almost as long as broad posteriorly (Fig. 6D). Submarginal cell II not petiolate proximally, 1.5 × as long as and 0.5 × as high as submarginal cell III; 1m-cu joining at junction of submarginal cell I and submarginal cell II. Paramere tongue shaped, 1.5 × as long as broad (Fig. 6E).

Biology

This species prefers more shady, humid and cool habitats than the other Korean Trigonalyidae. It is abundantly collected from mid-May to the beginning of July at medium elevations (around 800 m a.s.l.) in forests but is also present in smaller densities at lower elevations in suitable habitats.

Surprisingly, despite efforts, one of the authors (PT) has never observed any specimen alive, all our 120 specimens having been collected in Malaise traps. The phenology shows a single generation per year (mostly from mid-May to the end of June): it is remarkable that no specimen has ever been found after mid-July in the numerous Malaise traps set in the same locations.

Adults are constant in size, with only a few specimens smaller than the norm, and no minute specimens. This points toward a biology departing from the usual generalist biology of most Trigonalyidae, including other Orthogonalys species whose hosts are known, like O. pulchella from North America, recorded as a hyperparasitoid of Tachinidae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 in caterpillars (Carmean & Kimsey 1998; Murphy et al. 2009).

Distribution

South Korea.