8.

Figs 9, 10

Miliusa dioeca (Roxb.) Chaowasku & Kessler, Willdenowia 43: 104 (2013); H. B. Ding et al., Biodivers. Sci. 31: 23254 (2023). –– Uvaria dioeca> Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 659 (1832). –– Phaeanthus dioecus (Roxb.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 39: 62 (1870), as ‘ dioicus’. Type: Roxburgh s. n. (lectotype: BM! [BM 000595529], designated by Chaowasku (2013)).

Miliusa tenuistipitata W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 6: 200 (1957); Y. Tsiang et P. T. Li in Fl. Reip. Popul. Sin. 30 (2): 40, t. 16 (13–15) (1979); S. H. Yuan in Fl. Yunnan. 5: 16, t. 4 (10–14) (1991); P. T. Li et Z. K. Li in High. Pl. China 3: 166, t. 255 (9–11) (2000); P. T. Li & M. G. Gilbert in Fl. China 19: 679 (2011). Type: Yunnan: lan-tsang, alt. 1500 m, in silvia mixtra, 6 m alta, fl. viridis, May 1936, C. W. Wang 76517 (holotype: PE! [PE 00028367]; isotypes: A! [A 00039452], PE! [00934534]). syn. nov.

Chinese name.

云南野独活 Yún Nán Yě Dú Huó.

Description.

Shrubs or small trees, 2–12 m tall, up to 30 cm in diam. Annual branches ca. 2 mm in diam., covered with spreading yellowish gray hairs, gradually glabrescent; older branches yellowish brown, glabrous, without lenticels. Petiole 2–4 × 2 mm, densely yellowish gray pubescent; leaf blades chartaceous or membranous, oblong or slightly obovate-oblong, 8–19 × 3–7 cm; apex acuminate or shortly acuminate; base rounded or broadly cuneate, often asymmetrical; adaxial surface glabrous except along the slightly impressed midvein; abaxial surface with ascending short hairs; lateral veins 8–13 per side, arched-ascending at 45 ° – 65 ° from the midvein, anastomosing ca. 7–9 mm from the margin; tertiary veins conspicuous or obscure. Inflorescences axillary, 1–2 - flowered; flowers bisexual or unisexual, similar in morphology, purplish red; female flowers with several reduced stamens, male flowers without rudimentary pistils; peduncle 1 mm long, with 1 bract, ovate, 2 × 1 mm; pedicel 10–20 (– 30) mm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diam. at the middle, slightly thickened upwards, clavate, densely covered with spreading yellowish gray hairs; with 1 bracteole on the lower half, narrowly ovate, 3 × 1 mm, sometimes leaf-like, densely pubescent. Sepals 3, free, narrowly ovate, 4–8 × 1.5–2 mm, densely pubescent. Petals 6, in 2 whorls of 3; outer petals similar to sepals but slightly smaller, 4–7 × 1.5–2 mm; inner petals ovate, 10–15 × 8–11 mm, margins appressed from base to ca. 2 / 3 of the length, upper 1 / 3 reflexed, apex acute, saccate below the middle, with 5 veins and nearly translucent “ windows ” between veins, sparsely pubescent outside, nearly glabrous inside. Stamens in 5–7 whorls, 50–70, 1 × 1 mm; connectives apiculate at apex. Carpels 20–30, ca. 1.5 mm long; ovary sparsely short-pubescent; stigma ellipsoid, glabrous; ovule 1, basal. Torus cylindrical, pubescent. Fruiting peduncle 2 × 2.5 mm; fruiting pedicel 12–25 (– 35) × 2–2.5 mm, pubescent. Monocarps 10–25, ellipsoid, 12–14 × 8 mm, glabrous, densely and finely tuberculate; stipes 13–18 × 1 mm, glabrous.

Phenology.

Flowering from February to May; fruiting from May to August.

Distribution.

Occurs in China, in Xizang (Motuo) and Yunnan (Cangyuan, Jinghong, Lancang, Menghai, Menglian, Ningjiang, Simao, and Yingjiang), and extends west and south to India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.

Habitat.

Mixed forests and valley thickets at 350–1500 m.

Notes.

Phylogenetic analyses recovered Miliusa dioeca (India) nested within two accessions of M. tenuistipitata from China, forming a strongly supported clade (Fig. 1; BS ≥ 98, PP = 1.00). Miliusa tenuistipitata closely resembles M. dioeca in twig, leaf, flower, fruit, and indumentum characters. Detailed examination of the type material (Fig. 10) and additional specimens confirmed that these names apply to a single species. Because Miliusa dioeca was published earlier than M. tenuistipitata, we treat M. tenuistipitata as a synonym of M. dioeca.

Selected specimens examined.

Xizang • Motuo County, alt. 700 m, 23 Jul 1980, T. Sheng 11249 (PE). Yunnan • Cangyuan County, 2 Nov 1989, G. D. Tao & X. W. Li 10097 (KUN); • ibid, 2 Nov 1989, G. D. Tao & X. W. Li 40097 (HITBC); • ibid, 5 Jul 1974, Y. H. Li 12585 (HITBC, KUN); • ibid, 19 Jun 1974, T. H. Li 12355 (HITBC, KUN); • ibid, 19 Mar 1976, Y. H. Li 20095 (HITBC); • Fohai County, alt. 1300 m, Jun 1936, C. W. Wang 74832 (IBSC, KUN); • Jinghong City, Mar 1990, H. Wang 1914 (HITBC); • ibid, 3 Jan 1990, H. Wang 1910 (HITBC); • ibid, 3 Jan 1990, H. Wang 1916 (HITBC); • ibid, 3 Jan 1990, H. Wang 1928 (HITBC); • ibid, 7 Nov 1988, G. D. Tao 44882 (HITBC); • ibid, 7 Nov 1988, G. D. Tao et al. 44882 (HITBC); • ibid, 30 Jan 1990, H. Wang 1924 (HITBC); • Lancang County, alt. 1500 m, May 1936, C. W. Wang 76517 (PE); • Menghai County, alt. 1150 m, 12 Dec 1958, W. C. Wang 10326 (KUN, PE); • ibid, alt. 1300 m, Jun 1936, C. W. Wang 74832 (PE); • Menglian County, 30 Oct 2011, X. L. Hou 11103002 (AU); • ibid, 30 Oct 2011, X. L. Hou 11103003 (AU); • Ningjiang County, 6 Dec 1951, G. M. Feng 14185 (KUN); • ibid, alt. 800 m, 6 Dec 1951, G. M. Feng 14165 (PE); • Simao City, 26 Aug 1984, 234 (KUN); • ibid, alt. 700 m, 20 Apr 2000, H. Wang 4210 (HITBC, KUN); • Yingjiang County, 2 Apr 1979, Anonymous 06–103 (HITBC); • ibid, alt. 401 m, 24.77°N, 97.5794°E, 16 Apr 2017, X. L. Hou & R. P. Zhang 90712 (AU); • ibid, alt. 401 m, 24.77°N, 97.5794°E, 16 Apr 2017, X. L. Hou & R. P. Zhang 90715 (AU); • ibid, alt. 401 m, 24.77°N, 97.5794°E, 16 Apr 2017, X. L. Hou & R. P. Zhang 90716 (AU); • ibid, alt. 397 m, 24.77126°N, 97.59167°E, 20230321, J. W. Li et al. WPY 932 (PE).