Operationalizing Workable Human–Wildlife Coexistence in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Human–wildlife coexistence remains one of the central challenges in conservation, particularly in biodiversity-rich landscapes where wildlife habitats overlap with human settlements. This thesis investigates workable coexistence strategies in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, one of South Asia's most iconic protected areas, where communities in the buffer zone regularly experience conflict with wildlife. This is the author's own version of the thesis, prepared and submitted to the Ministry of Forests and Environment, Government of Nepal as part of their research requirements. While based on the doctoral research submitted to National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, this version has been reorganized and adapted for researchers, practitioners, and conservation managers. Readers are encouraged to cite and use this version.