Applications of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in Human Disease Monitoring and Management: A Comprehensive Review

The integration of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) has revolutionized the approach to monitoring, predicting, and managing human diseases, particularly those influenced by environmental factors. This paper explores various applications, focusing on vector-borne illnesses such as malaria, schistosomiasis, and dengue, where RS provides data on environmental variables like vegetation, temperature, and precipitation, while GIS enables spatial analysis and risk mapping. Drawing from diverse case studies across regions like Africa, Asia, and the Americas, the review highlights methodologies including satellite imagery analysis, spatial regression, and integration with epidemiological data. Challenges such as data accessibility, technical expertise, and resolution limitations are addressed, alongside future prospects involving advanced sensors and artificial intelligence. This synthesis, based on over 20 scholarly sources, underscores the potential of RS and GIS in enhancing public health strategies and disease surveillance, promoting proactive interventions for global health security.