Data for "Observation of In-ice Askaryan Radiation from High-Energy Cosmic Rays"

This release contains the 13 passing events discussed as cosmic-ray candidates in: Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) collaboration, "Observation of In-Ice Askaryan Radiation from High-Energy Cosmic Rays", Phys. Rev. Lett. 136 (2026), 151003, doi:10.1103/xwqy-yzrk
                                                                                                                                                                    
The information describing the passing events is as follows:

- passing-events.csv: per-event reconstructed information for the passing events:
    - event_id: unique identifier for each event, in the format (run number).(event number). 
    - SNR: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), averaged over the phased-array VPol channels of ARA5. The per-channel SNR is defined as the ratio of the peak-to-peak signal amplitude and twice the thermal noise rms amplitude.
    - zenith_deg: zenith arrival direction of the radiation wavefront measured at the phased array. The zenith angle is measured from the vertical direction and given in degrees.

- receivers.csv: information on the positions of the phased-VPol receivers:
    - channel: unique identifier for each receiver channel.
    - rel_depth_m: depth measured in meters relative to channel 0. The approximate absolute depth below the ice surface of channel 0 is 172 meters.
    - delay_ns: instrumental signal delay measured in nanoseconds relative to channel 0.
                                                                                                                                                                    
- raw: unprocessed sampled waveforms recorded for each passing event from the phased-VPol component of ARA5. Information on the architecture of the data-acquisition system and the analog signal conditioning is available in: Askaryan Radio Array Collaboration, "Design and performance of an interferometric trigger array for radio detection of high-energy neutrinos", Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A, 930 (2019), 112-125, doi:10.1016/j.nima.2019.01.067. Files are labeled by the event_id of the event they correspond to. Contents are as follows:
    - time_ns: sample time measured in nanoseconds relative to the beginning of the recorded trace.
    - ch_C: sample values for channel C, given in analog-to-digital units (ADU).

- csw: processed waveforms for each event as shown in Fig. 2 of the publication. Files are labeled by the event_id of the event they correspond to. Contents are as follows:
    - time_ns: time measured in nanoseconds.
    - csw: waveforms from all phased-VPol receivers time-aligned and co-added ("coherently summed"). The instrumental phase response is removed, and waveforms are normalized by their peak-to-peak amplitude.

Additionally, events containing pulsed emission from the local calibration transmitter are also included. The calibration transmitter is located in a dedicated borehole approximately 50 meters from the center of ARA5.

Information on calibration pulser events is provided as follows:

- raw-calib: unprocessed sampled waveform recorded for each provided calibration pulser event from the phased-VPol component of ARA5. Similar to the passing events, files are labeled by the event_id consisting of run number and event number. Contents of each file are as follows:
    - time_ns: sample time measured in nanoseconds relative to the beginning of the recorded trace.
    - ch_C: sample values for channel C, given in analog-to-digital units (ADU).

- csw-calib: processed waveforms for each provided calibration pulser event, calculated in the same way as for the passing events and as described below. Files are labeled by the event_id of the calibration pulser event they correspond to. Contents are as follows:
    - time_ns: time measured in nanoseconds.
    - csw: waveforms from all phased-VPol receivers time-aligned and co-added ("coherently summed"). The instrumental phase response is removed, and waveforms are normalized by their peak-to-peak amplitude.

Access to further information may be provided by the ARA Collaboration upon reasonable request.