Battery Management System (BMS) with Thermal Protection

With the increasing use of rechargeable batteries in electric vehicles, renewable energy storage, and portable electronics, efficient and safe battery operation has become critical. This project presents the design and implementation of a Battery Management System (BMS) with integrated thermal protection to ensure reliable performance and extended battery life. The proposed hardware system monitors key battery parameters such as voltage, current, state of charge (SoC), and temperature using dedicated sensors. A microcontroller-based control unit processes the data to balance individual cells, prevent overcharging, deep discharging, and short circuits. Thermal protection is achieved by integrating temperature sensors and heat management circuits, which trigger cooling mechanisms or disconnect the battery during overheating conditions. Additional safety features include fuse/circuit breaker protection and relay-based isolation. The system communicates real-time battery health information through an optional display or wireless module, enabling proactive maintenance. The design emphasizes compactness, low cost, and energy efficiency, making it suitable for electric vehicles, solar energy storage, and smart grid applications.