Published December 31, 2010
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
Authors/Creators
Description
Koch, André, Gaulke, Maren, Böhme, Wolfgang (2010): Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies. Zootaxa 2446: 1-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195067
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted. <a href="https://zenodo.org/account/settings/login?next=https://zenodo.org/records/195067">Log in</a> to check if you have access.
Linked records
Additional details
References
- Alcala, A.C. (1957) Philippine notes of the ecology of the giant marine toad. Silliman Journal, 4(2), 90-96.
- Alcala, A.C. (1986) Guide to Philippine flora and fauna - Amphibians and Reptiles. JMC Press, Quezon City, Philippines, 195 pp.
- Ast, J.C. (2001) Mitochondrial DNA evidence and evolution in Varanoidea (Squamata). Cladistics, 17, 211-226.
- Auffenberg, W. (1988) Gray ´s monitor lizard. University Press of Florida, 419 pp.
- Bauer, A.M. & Adler, K. (2001) The dating and correct citation of A. F. A. Wiegmann's "Amphibien" section of Meyen's Reise um die Erde, with a bibliography of Wiegmann's herpetological publications. Archives of Natural History, 28(3), 313-326.
- Baverstock, P.R., King, D., King, M., Birrell, J., & Krieg, M. (1993) The evolution of species of the Varanidae: Microcomplement fixation analysis of serum albumins. Australian Journal of Zoology, 41, 621-638.
- Bayless, M.K. & Adragna, J.A. (1997) Monitor lizards in the Philippine Islands: a historical perspective (Sauria: Varanidae). Asia Life Sciences, 6(1/2), 39-50.
- Bayless, M.K. & Adragna, J.A. (2002) John G. Veitch and the Negros water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator nuchalis Gunther, 1872) of the Philippine Islands. Dragon News, 3.
- Becker, H.O., Bohme, W. & Perry, S.F. (1989) Die Lungenmorphologie der Warane (Reptilia: Varanidae) und ihre systematisch-stammesgeschichtliche Bedeutung. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 40, 27-56.
- Bennett, D. (1998) Monitor lizards: natural history, biology and husbandry. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt a.M., 354 pp.
- Bennett, D. (2000) Notes on Varanus salvator marmoratus on Polillo Island, Philippines. In: Bennett, D. (Ed), Wildlife of Polillo Island, Philippines. Viper Press, Aberdeen. pp. 29-32.
- Bohme, W. (1988) Zur Genitalmorphologie der Sauria: Funktionelle und stammesgeschichtliche Aspekte. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 27, 3-176.
- Bohme, W. (2003) Checklist of the living monitor lizards of the world (family Varanidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 341, 1-43.
- Bohme, W. & Koch, A. (2010) On the type selection and re-typification of two monitor lizard taxa (Squamata: Varanidae): Monitor bivittatus celebensis Schlegel, 1844 and Monitor kordensis Meyer, 1874; with some comments and corrections on other name-bearing type specimens. Zootaxa.
- Bohme, W. & Ziegler, T. (2009) A review of iguanian and anguimorph lizard genitalia (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae; Varanoidea, Shinisauridae, Xenosauridae, Anguidae) and their phylogenetic significance: comparisons with molecular data sets. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 47, 189-202.
- Bohme, W., Horn, H.-G. & Ziegler, T. (1994) Zur Taxonomie der Pazifikwarane (Varanus indicus -Komplex): Revalidierung von Varanus doreanus (A. B. Meyer, 1874) mit Beschreibung einer neuen Unterart. Salamandra, 30, 119-142.
- Borden, R. (2007) Varanus salvator (Asian Water Monitor) Migration. Biawak, 1, 84.
- Boulenger, G.A. (1885) Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second edition. Vol. 2. Iguanidae, Xenosauridae, Zonuridae, Anguidae, Anniellidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xantusiidae, Teeidae, Amphisbaenidae. Taylor and Francis, London, 436 pp.
- Boulenger, G.A. (1894) On the herpetological Fauna of Palawan and Balabac. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 14, 81-90.
- Brandenburg, T. (1983) Monitors in the Indo-Australian Archipelago. Unpubl. Thesis, University of Leiden, Leiden, 98 pp.
- Brown, R.M. & Diesmos, A. C. (2001) Application of lineage-based species concepts to oceanic island frog populations: the effects of differing taxonomic philosophies on the estimation of Philippine biodiversity. Silliman Journal, 42, 133-162.
- Brown, R.M. & Diesmos, A. (2009) Philippines, Biology. In: Gillespie, R. & Clague, D. (Eds), Encyclopedia of Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley. pp. 723-732.
- Brown, R.M., Diesmos, A.C. & Alcala, A.C. (2001) The state of Philippine Herpetology and the Challenges of the next decade. Silliman Journal, 42, 18-87.
- Brown, R.M., Ferner, J.W., Sison, R.V., Gonzales, P.C. & Kennedy, R.S. (1996) Amphibians and reptiles of the Zambales Mountains of Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Herpetological Natural History, 4(1), 1-22.
- Brown, R.M., Siler, C.D., Diesmos, A.C., & Alcala, A.C. (2009) Philippine frogs of the genus Leptobrachium (Anura; Megophryidae): phylogeny-based species delimitation, taxonomic review, and description of three new species. Herpetological Monographs, 23, 1-44.
- Brown, W.C. & Alcala, A.C. (1970) The zoogeography of the herpetofauna of the Philippine Islands, a fringing archipelago. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 38, 105-130.
- Brown, W.C. & Alcala, A.C. (1980) Philippine lizards of the family Scincidae. Silliman University Natural Sciences Monographs, Dumaguete City, pp. 264.
- Brygoo, E.-R. (1987) Les types de varanides (reptiles, sauriens) du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle. Catalogue critique. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 9(2) Suppl., 21-38.
- Censky, E.J., Hodge, K. & Dudley, J. (1998) Over-water dispersal of lizards due to hurricanes. Nature, 395, 556.
- Cramer, D. (2003) Advanced quantitative data analysis. Open University Press, Philadelphia, 254 pp.
- Cuvier, G. (1829) Le Regne animal distribue d'apres son organisation, pour servir de base a l'Histoire Naturelle des animaux et d'introduction a l'anatomiecomparee, Ed. 2, Vol. 2, Deterville et Crochard, Paris.
- Das, I. & Kueh, B.H. (2008) Herpetofauna of the Pulau Banggi Group of islands off northeastern Borneo. Herpetological Review, 39, 296-298.
- de Queiroz, K. (1998) The general lineage concept of species, species criteria, and the process of speciation: a conceptual unification and terminological recommendations. In: Howard, D.J. & Berlocher, S.H. (Eds), Endless forms: species and speciation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 57-75.
- de Queiroz, K. (2005) A unified concept of species and its consequences for the future of taxonomy. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 56, 196-215.
- Evans, B.J., Brown, R.M., McGuire, J.A., Supriatna, J., Andayani, N., Diesmos, A., Iskandar, D., Melnick, D.J. & Cannatella, D.C. (2003) Phylogenetics of fanged frogs: testing biogeographical hypotheses at the interface of the Asian and Australian faunal Zones. Systematic Biology, 52, 794-819.
- Dickerson, R.E. (1928) Distribution of life in the Philippines. Philippine Bureau of Sciences Monographs, 21, 322 pp.
- Diesmos, A. & Gaulke, M. (2007) Varanus nuchalis. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN red list of threatened species. version 2009.2, www.iucnredlist.org, downloaded on 17 February 2010.
- Esselstyn, J.A., Widmann, P. & Heaney, L.R. (2004) The mammals of Palawan Island, Philippines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117, 271-302.
- Everett, A.H. (1889) Remarks on the zoo-geographical relationships of the island of Palawan and some adjacent Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1889, 220-228.
- Fairbanks, R.G. (1989) A 17,000-year glacio-eustatic sea level record: influence of glacial melting rates on the Younger Dryas event and deep-ocean circulation. Nature, 342, 637-642.
- Ferner, J.W., Brown, R.M., Sison, R.V. & Kennedy, R.S. (2001) The amphibians and reptiles of Panay Island, Philippines. Asiatic Herpetological Research, 9, 34-70.
- Fuller, S., Baverstock, P. &King D. (1998) Biogeographic origins of goannas (Varanidae): A molecular perspective.
- Gaulke, M. (1986) Uber die Situation des Bindenwarans (Varanus salvator nuchalis) auf Negros, Philippinen. Herpetofauna, 8(44), 16-18.
- Gaulke, M. (1989) Zur Biologie des Bindenwaranes, unter Berucksichtigung der palaogeographischen Verbreitung und der phylogetischen Entwicklung der Varanidae. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 112, 1-242.
- Gaulke, M. (1991a) Systematic relationships of the Philippine water monitors as compared with Varanus s. salvator, with a discussion of dispersal routes. In: Bohme, W. & Horn, H.-G. (Eds), Advances in Monitor research. Mertensiella, 2, pp. 154-167.
- Gaulke, M. (1991b) On the diet of the water monitor, Varanus salvator, in the Philippines. In: Bohme, W. & Horn, H.-G. (Eds), Advances in monitor research, Mertensiella, 2, pp. 143-153.
- Gaulke, M. (1992a) Taxonomy and biology of Philippine water monitors (Varanus salvator). Philippine Journal of Science, 121(4), 345-381.
- Gaulke, M. (1992b) Distribution, population density, and exploitation of the water monitor (Varanus salvator) in the Philippines. Hamadryad, 17, 21-27.
- Gaulke, M. (1994) Notes on the herpetofauna of Panaon and Samar, east Visayans, Philippines. Hamadryad, 19, 1-10.
- Gaulke, M. (1995) Der Sulu-Archipel - Besiedlungsgeschichte, Geologie und Herpetofauna. Natur und Museum, 125(7), 217-226.
- Gaulke, M. (1996) Die Herpetofauna von Sibutu Island (Philippinen), unter Berucksichtigung zoogeographischer und okologischer Aspekte. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 75(1/2), 45-56.
- Gaulke, M. (1998) Utilization and conservation of lizards and snakes in the Philippines. In: Erdelen, W. (Ed), Conservation, trade and sustainable use of lizards and snakes in Indonesia, Mertensiella, 9, pp. 137-142.
- Gaulke, M. (2001) Philippinen-Naturreisefuhrer. Natur und Tier-Verlag, 398 pp.
- Gaulke, M. (2008) Unterwegs im Suden der Philippinen. Terraria, 10, 69-80.
- Gaulke, M. & Curio, E. (2001) A new monitor lizard from Panay Island, Philippines. Spixiana, 24(3), 275-286.
- Gaulke, M. & Reiter, J. (2001) Varanus salvator nuchalis, eine wenig bekannte Unterart des Bindenwarans. Draco, 7, 42-49.
- Gaulke, M., Sy, E., Afuang, L, Duya, M.R., Diesmos, M. & Gonzalez, J.C. (2007) Varanus marmoratus. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN red list of threatened species. version 2009.2, www.iucnredlist.org, downloaded on 17 February 2010.
- Good, D.A., Bauer, A.M. & Gunther, R. (1993) An annotated type Catalogue of the anguimorph lizards (Squamata: Anguidae, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xenosauridae) in the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen Museum Berlin, 69(1), 45-56.
- Gray, J. (1845) Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London, 289 pp.
- Guibe, J. (1954) Catalogue des types des lezards dans la collection du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Colas, Bayeux, Paris.
- Gunther, A. (1872) On two species of Hydrosaurus from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the Zoological Society London, 1872, 145-146.
- Hall, R. (2002) Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific: computer-based reconstructions, model and animations. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 20, 353-431.
- Hammer, O., Harper, D.A.T. & Ryan, P.D. (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 1-9.
- Heaney, L.R. (1985) Zoogeographic evidence for middle and late Pleistocene land bridges to the Philippine Islands. Modern Quaternary Research in Southeast Asia, 9, 127-165.
- Heaney, L.R. & Regalado Jr., J.C. (1998) Vanishing treasures of the Philippine rain forest. Field Museum, Chicago, 88 pp.
- Heaney, L.R., Balete, D.S., Dolar, M.L., Alcala, A.C., Dans, A.T.L., Gonzales, P.C. , Ingle, N.R., Lepiten, M.V., Oliver, W.L.R., Ong, P.S., Rickart, E.A., Tabaranza Jr., B.R. & Utzurrum, R.C.B. (1998) A synonpsis of the mammalian fauna of the Philippine Islands. Fieldiana: Zoology, 88, 1-61.
- Horn, H.-G. (1994) Der Ritualkampf von Varanus salvator cumingi. Herpetofauna, 16(92), 27-30.
- Horn, H.-G. & Visser, G.J. (1997) Review of reproduction of monitor lizards Va ra nu s spp. in captivity. II. International Zoo Yearbook, 35, 227-246.
- Horn, H.-G. & Gaulke M. (2004) Varanus salvator (Subspecies). In: Pianka, E.R. & King, D.R. (Eds), Varanoid lizards of the world. Bloomington. Indiana University Press, Indianapolis. pp. 258-271.
- Horn, H.-G, Gaulke, M. & Bohme, W. (1994) New data on ritualized combats in monitor lizards (Sauria: Varanidae) with remarks on their function and phylogenetic implications. Zoologischer Garten N. F., 64(5), 265-280.
- Huxley, T.H. (1868) On the classification and the distribution of the Alectoromorphae and Heteromorphae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 6, 249-319.
- Inger, R.F. (1954) Systematics and zoogeography of Philippine amphibia. Fieldiana: Zoology, 33, 181-531.
- Jolliffe, I.T. (1986) Principal component analysis. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
- Jones, A.W. & Kennedy, R.S. (2008) Evolution in a tropical archipelago: comparative phylogeography of Philippine fauna and flora reveals complex patterns of colonization and diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 95, 620-639.
- Khan, M. (1969) A preliminary study of the water monitor, Varanus salvator. Malay Naturalist Journal, 22(2), 64-68.
- King, M., & King, D. (1975) Chromosomal evolution in the lizard genus Varanus (Reptilia). Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 28, 89-108.
- Koch, A., Auliya, M., Schmitz, A., Kuch, U. & Bohme, W. (2007) Morphological studies on the systematics of South East Asian water monitors (Varanus salvator Complex): nominotypic populations and taxonomic overview. In: Horn, H-G, Bohme, W. & Krebs, U. (Eds), Advances in Monitor Research III. Mertensiella, 16, pp. 109-180.
- Lambeck, K., Esat, T.M., Potter, E.-K. (2002) Links between climate and sea levels for the past three million years. Nature, 419, 199-206.
- Leviton, A.E., McDiarmid, R., Moody, S., Nickerson, M., Rosado, J., Sokol, O. & Voris, H. (1980) Museum acronyms - second edition. Herpetological Review, 11(4), 93-102.
- Luxmoore, R. & Groombridge, B. (1989) Asian monitor lizards: a review of distribution, status, exploitation and trade in four selected species. Report to the CITES Secretariat, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge.
- Mallet, J. (2005) Hybridization as an invasion of the genome. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20, 229-237.
- Mallet, J. (2007) Hybrid speciation. Nature, 446, 279-283.
- Martin, W. (1838) On two specimens of saurian reptiles sent to the society by Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1838, 68-70.
- Mavarez, J. & Linares, M. (2008) Homoploid hybrid speciation in animals. Molecular Ecology, 17, 4181-4185.
- Mayhew, P.J., Jenkins, G.B. & Benton, T.G. (2008) A long-term association between global temperature and biodiversity, origination and extinction in the fossil record. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 275, 47-53.
- Mayr, E. (2000) The biological species concept. In: Wheeler Q.D. & Meier, R. (Eds), Species concepts and phylogenetic theory. A debate. Columbia University Press, New York. pp. 17-29.
- Mayr, E. & Ashlock, P.D. (1991) Principles of systematic zoology. Second edition. McGraw-Hill Book & Co., Singapore, 475 pp.
- McGuire, J.A. & Kiew, B.H. (2001) Phylogenetic systematics of Southeast Asian flying lizards (Iguania: Agamidae: Draco) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72, 203-229.
- McGuire, J.A., Brown, R.M., Mumpuni, Riyanto, A. & Andayani, N. (2007) The flying lizards of the Draco lineatus group (Squamata: Iguania: Agamidae): a taxonomic revision with description of two new species. Herpetological Monographs, 21, 179-212.
- Mertens, R. (1942) Die Familie der Warane (Varanidae). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 462, 465, 466, 1-391.
- Mertens, R. (1959) Liste der Warane Asiens und der Indoaustralischen Inselwelt, mit systematischen Bemerkungen. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40(5/6), 221-240.
- Mertens, R. (1963) Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien: Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Lanthanotidae. In: Mertens, R. & Hennig, W. (Eds), Das Tierreich. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin. pp. i-x, 26.
- Mittermeier, R.A., Gil, P.R., Hoffmann, M., Pilgrim, J., Brooks, T., Goettsch, Mittermeier, C.G., Lamoreux, J. & da Fonseca, G.A.B. (2004) Hotspots revisited. CEMEX, Mexico City, 390 pp.
- Moschny, D. (2009) Haltung & Zucht des Mindanao-Bindenwarans. Varanus, 1(1), 8-20.
- Mulcahy, D.G. (2008) Phylogeography and species boundaries of the western North American Nightsnake (Hypsiglena torquata): revisiting the subspecies concept. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46, 1095-1115.
- Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853-858.
- Pearson, K. (1901) On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Philosophy Magazine, 2, 59-572.
- Peterson, A.T., Ball, L.G. & Brady, K.W. (2000) Distribution of the birds of the Philippines: biogeography and conservation priorities. Bird Conservation International, 10, 149-167.
- Petit, R.J., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N.I., Barnola, J.-M., Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V.M., Lipenkov, V.Y., Lorius, C., Pepin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E. & Stievenard, M. (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature, 399, 429-436.
- Pianka, E.R. & King, D.R. (2004) Varanoid lizards of the world. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indianapolis, 588 pp.
- Piper, P.J., Ochoa, J., Lewis, H., Paz, V. & Ronquillo, W.P. (2008) The first evidence for the past presence of the tiger Panthera tigris (L.) on the island of Palawan, Philippines: extinction in an island population. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 264, 123-127.
- Rabineau, M., Berne, S., Aslanian, J.-L.O.D., Guillocheau, F. & Joseph, P. (2006) Paleo sea levels reconsidered from direct observation of paleoshoreline position during Glacial Maxima (for the last 500,000 yr). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 252, 119-137.
- Rawlinson, P.A., Widjoya, A.H.T., Hutchinson, M.N., Brown, G.W. (1990) The terrestrial vertebrates of Krakatau Islands, Sunda Strait, 1883-1986. Philosophical Transaction Royal Society London B, 328, 2-28.
- Reis, K.R. & Garong, A.M. (2001) Late Quaternary terrestrial vertebrates from Palawan Island, Philippines. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 171, 409-421.
- Ross, C.A. & Gonzales, P.C. (1992) Amphibians and reptiles of Catanduanes Island, Philippines. National Museum Papers, Manila, 2(2), 50-76.
- Shi, G.R. (1993) Multivariate data analysis in palaeontology and palaeobiogeography - a review. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 105, 199-234.
- Shine, R., Harlow, P.S., Keogh, J.S. & Boeadi (1996) Commercial harvesting of giant lizards: the biology of water monitors Varanus salvator in southern Sumatra. Biological Conservation, 77, 125-134.
- Sy, E., Diesmos, A., Jakosalem, P.G., Gonzalez, J.C., Paguntalan, L.M., Demegillo, A., Custodio, C., Delima, E., Tampos, G., Gaulke, M. & Jose, R. (2007) Varanus cumingi. In: IUCN (2009). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. www.iucnredlist.org, downloaded on 17 February 2010.
- Taylor, E.H. (1918) Reptiles of the Sulu Archipelago. Philippine Journal of Science, 13(5), 233-265.
- Taylor, E.H. (1922) The lizards of the Philippine Islands. Philippine Journal of Science, 17, 1-269.
- van Rooijen, J. & Vogel, G. (2008) Contributions to a review of the Dendrelaphis pictus complex (Serpentes: Colubridae) - 1. Description of a sympatric species. Amphibia-Reptilia, 29, 101-115.
- Villamor, C.I. (1993) Morphometry and conservation status of water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) in the Philippines. Asia Life Science, 2, 113-120.
- Vogel, D. (1994) Erstmalige Nachzucht des Mindanao Bindenwarans (Varanus [Varanus] salvator cumingi) im Zoologischen Garten Frankfurt. Monitor, 3, 41.
- Vogel, G. & van Rooijen, J. (2008) Contributions to a review of the Dendrelaphis pictus (Gmelin, 1789) complex - 2. the eastern forms (Serpentes: Colubridae). Herpetozoa, 21, 3-29.
- Voris, H. (2000) Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 1153-1167.
- Wallace, A.R. (1860) On the zoological geography of the Malay Archipelago. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 4, 172-184.
- Wicker, R., Gaulke, M. & Horn, H.-G. (1999) Contributions to the biology, keeping and breeding of the Mindanao water monitor (Varanus s. cumingi). In: Horn, H.-G. & Bohme, W. (Eds), Advances in Monitor Research II, Mertensiella, 11, pp. 213-224.
- Wiegmann, A.F.A. (1834a) Dritter Teil. Zoologischer Bericht. In: Meyen, F.J.F. (Ed), Reise um die Erde ausgefuhrt auf dem Koniglich Preussischen Seehandlungs-Schiffe Prinzess Louise, commandirt von Capitain W. Wendt, in den Jahren 1830, 1831 und 1832 von Dr. F. J. F. Meyen. Sander `sche Buchhandlung (C. W. Eichhoff), Berlin, 522 pp.
- Wiegmann, A.F.A. (1834b) Beitrage zur Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr. F. J. F. Meyen, M. d. A. d. N. Siebente Abhandlung. Amphibien. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 17, 184-268d.
- Ziegler, T. & Bohme, W. (1997) Genitalstrukturen und Paarungsbiologie bei squamaten Reptilien, speziell den Platynota, mit Bemerkungen zur Systematik. Mertensiella, 8, 3-207.