Key to genera of Tortricidae present in Hawaiʻi (genera with native representatives in bold)

1. Antennal scaling in two bands per flagellomere (Tortricinae)................................................ 2

1’. Antennal scaling in one band per flagellomere (Olethreutinae)............................................. 21

2. Ocellus absent.................................................................... Amorbia emigratella

2’. Ocellus present.................................................................................... 3

3. FW with patches of raised scales...................................................................... 4

3’. FW without patches of raised scales................................................................... 5

4. Costa strongly arched at base; male costal fold absent; labial palpi short, less than 2× diameter of compound eye........................................................................................ Acleris zimmermani

4’. Costa gently arched at base, straight beyond; male costal fold present; labial palpi long, more than 2× diameter of compound eye................................................................................... Platynota spp.

5. Foreleg with epiphysis on tibia.......................................................... Lorita scarificata

5’. Foreleg without epiphysis on tibia..................................................................... 6

6. Dorsal pits present on S2–7..................................................................... Paalua

6’. Dorsal pits absent on S2–7........................................................................... 7

7. Male antenna bipectinate............................................................................ 8

7’. Male antenna not bipectinate......................................................................... 9

8. Small species (FWL <7 mm); transtilla spined................................................. Paraphasis **

8’. Larger species (FWL> 8 mm); transtilla without spines............................................ Panaphelix

9. FW with R 4, R 5 separate or connate from base.......................................................... 10

9’. FW with R 4, R 5 stalked............................................................................. 12

10. Male with uncus rounded, disc of valva circular with weakly sclerotized apical extension; female with capitulum present................................................................................. Epiphyas postvittana

10’. Male with uncus quadrate or nearly so; valva without apical extension; female signum (if present) without capitulum.... ............................................................................................... 11

11. Male with terminal plate of gnathos broad, rounded; valva elongate, flat; female with costa strongly arched, with short, porrect scales near base; corpus bursa large, 2–4× width of S7.......................................... Limua

11’. Male with terminal plate of gnathos variable, but never broad, rounded; valva rounded, slightly twisted or coiled; female with costa gently arched, without correct scales near base; corpus bursae small, <1× width of S7........ Pararrhaptica

12. Male costal fold present (sometimes weakly developed).................................................. 13

12’. Male costal fold absent............................................................................ 17

13. Uncus bifid.......................................................................... Spheterista (part)

13’. Uncus not bifid................................................................................... 14

14. Uncus broad at base, nearly confluent with tegumen.................................................. Iliahia

14’. Uncus narrow, distinctly separate from tegumen......................................................... 15

15. Uncus quadrate or nearly so................................................................ Maneapakele

15’. Uncus slender or apically rounded.................................................................... 16

16. Arms of gnathos separate............................................................... Spheterista (part)

16’. Arms of gnathos fused......................................................................... Aipoola

17. Male T8 with 2–3 pairs of conspicuous claw- or hook-like spines.................................. Nuritamburia

17’. Male T8 without such spines........................................................................ 18

18. Uncus robust, broad, arrow-shaped, laterally flared.................................................. Mantua

18’. Uncus variable, but not as above..................................................................... 19

19. Uncus bifid.......................................................................... Spheterista (part)

19’. Uncus not bifid................................................................................... 20

20. Socii well-developed, extending past gnathos.................................................. Nomewaimea

20’. Socii obsolete............................................................................. Kumakena

21. Antenna nearly as long as FW, conspicuously thickened in male................................. Macraesthetica

21’. Antenna much shorter than FW, serrate, bipectinate, or simple in male, but never broadly thickened................ 22

22. FW relatively narrow, apex distinctly acute; male with uncus fringed with peg-like setae; female with elliptical, scobinate, patch- or pocket-like signum.................................................................... Bactra *

22’. FW broad, apex variable, but typically widely oblique or quadrate; male with uncus variable, but never as above; female with signum variable, but never as above.............................................................. 23

23. FW costa with white scale patch at 0.5×, olive green triangular patch at 0.5× inner margin....... Cacocharis cymotoma

23’. FW not as above.................................................................................. 24

24. Base of HW with transparent scales; FW with large, sinuous, irregular green patches of scales... Eucosmogastra poetica

24’. Base of HW with variably colored, opaque scales; FW not as above......................................... 25

25. FW termen with subapical notch (sometimes reduced).................................................... 26

25’. FW termen without subapical notch.................................................................. 30

26. Male costal fold present............................................................................ 27

26’. Male costal fold absent............................................................................ 28

27. Male antennal notch present................................................................ Eccoptocera

27’. Male antennal notch absent.......................................................... Crocidosema lantana

28. Head, thorax, and base of FW with iridescent blue scales; male HW with sinuate outer margin..... Commoneria sinuata

28’. Without such iridescent blue scaling; male HW evenly rounded............................................ 29

29. Male with valva broad, evenly rounded; uncus obsolete; ventral surface of male HW often with broad, pocket-like lobe along Cu 2 .................................................................................... Cydia

29’. Male with valva elongate, slender; uncus well-developed; without such a pocket-like lobe on the ventral surface of the HW............................................................................. Episimus unguiculus

30. Male with antennal notch present................................................... Strepsicrates smithiana

30’. Male with antennal notch absent..................................................................... 31

31. Male with cucullus subtriangular or rhomboid, with 2–4 spine-like setae on outer surface............... Crocidosema

31’. Male with cucullus with 3–20 well-developed, thorn-like setae on inner surface..................... Cryptophlebia *

*Includes native and non-native species in Hawaiʻi

**Female of Paraphasis unknown.