Scione Walker, 1850

Pangonia, subg. Scione Walker, 1850: 10. Type species, Pangonia incompleta Macquart, 1846 (monotypic).

Diclisa Schiner, 1867: 305. Type species, Pangonia incompleta Macquart, 1846 (original designation).

Rhinotriclista Enderlein, 1922: 338 (in key). Type species, Diclisa maculipennis Schiner, 1868 (original designation).

Diagnosis. Cells cup, r 5 and m 3 closed and petiolate, petioles with variable size. M 2 vein variable, complete or incomplete. Wing coloration variable: hyaline or smoky without spots in the crossveins; hyaline or smoky with faint spots or well-marked spots in the crossveins or with characteristic macule or patch patterns of yellow or yellowish coloration. Thoracic ornamentation variable, absent, inconspicuous longitudinal stripes or well-marked longitudinal stripes. Abdomen completely without ornamentation or with bands and/or tufts of contrasting setulae. Clypeus usually protuberant, markedly developed in some species (clypeal index between 0.5–1.2). Proboscis long to very long, between two and six times the height of the frons, extremely long in some species (approximately 12 times the height of the frons). Ocellar triangle usually not very prominent. Frontal callus absent, some species with a well-marked or indistinct patch on the frons. Frons generally slightly divergent below or with parallel sides.

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Identification key for the females of the species of Scione

1. Wing without macula, without “window” and without spot, at most the costal cell and the r 1 cell yellow or yellowish (Fig. 3A–K)........................................................................................... 2

- Not as above, wing with macula, “window” and/or spot (Figs 4A–K, 5A–M).................................. 16

2. Flagellum serrated (Fig. 72C)................................................................. S. serrata

- Flagellum non-serrated............................................................................. 3

3. Body predominantly unicolored, dark brown body, with at most yellowish stripes on the scutum and small triangles of yellowish setulae or dense coppery setulae on the abdomen (Figs 6A, 39A, 40A, 46A, 47A, 70A, 71A).............. 4

- Not as above, with more extensive contrasting areas...................................................... 7

4. Species robust, body length greater than or equal to 14 mm ................................................. 5

- Species medium to small, body length less than or equal to 12 mm ........................................... 6

5. Wing slightly smoky; legs orange brown; abdomen with dense coppery setulae; prominence at apex of clypeus (Figs 70A–F, 71A–E).......................................................................... S. rufescens

- As above, but apex of clypeus without marked prominence (Figs 39A–F, 40A–E).................... S. fulvosericea

6. Legs yellow; scutum with inconspicuous stripes; abdominal tergites yellowish-brown with short dense black setulae, last abdominal tergites darkened (Fig. 6A–E)........................................................ S. ablusus

- Legs brown; scutum with yellowish longitudinal stripes; abdominal tergites as above, except, tergites 1, 4–5 with a small tuft of yellowish setulae on the central posterior margin (Figs 46A–F, 47A–E)....................... S. immaculata

7. Scutum with indistinct stripes; wing hyaline; legs yellowish; abdomen yellowish-brown (Fig. 11A–D)...... S. aurulans

- Scutum with weak to well-marked stripes (Figs 10A, 18A, 19A, 20A, 23A, 34A, 37A, 61A, 73A, C, 75A); and another combination of characters........................................................................... 8

8. Wing smoky (Figs 18A, 61A)........................................................................ 9

- Wing hyaline (Figs 19F, 23A, 34C, 37A, 73A, 75A)..................................................... 11

9. Wing smoky yellow; frons broad (frontal index 1.5) covered with white pruinosity; scutum brown with two yellowish sublateral stripes, median stripe absent; abdominal tergites 1–2 yellowish-brown, the remaining tergites dark brown (Fig. 61A–F).................................................................................. S. nigripes

- Wing smoky brown; and another combination of characters................................................ 10

10. Postalar callus with yellowish setulae; legs yellowish-brown; abdominal tergites 1–2 yellow, contrasting with the other darker tergites (Fig. 18A–F)................................................................. S. cingulata

- Postalar callus with white setulae, contrasting with the dark body; legs brown; abdomen dark brown, tergites with median triangles of yellowish setulae (Fig. 10A–D).................................................... S. albopilosa

11. Abdomen predominantly brown, even with contrasting markings (Figs 19A and E, 75A and C)................... 12

- Abdomen with extensive yellow to orange areas (Figs 23A, 34A, 37A, 73A).................................. 13

12. Veins brown and pterostigma yellow orange; triangular dark brown patch on the frons not extending to the apex; abdominal tergites 1–6 with posterior band of pruinosity and white setulae (Figs 19A–F, 20A–F).................. S. claripennis

- Veins orange and pterostigma brownish; triangular dark brown patch on the frons extending to the apex; abdominal tergites 2–3 with posterior band of whitish pruinosity widened in the middle, tergites 4–7 with yellowish setulae on the posterior margin (Fig. 75A–E)........................................................................ S. strigata

13. Scutum brown with wide and quite evident white sublateral stripes, median stripe narrow and barely visible; tergites 1–2 yellow; frons covered with yellow pruinosity (Fig. 73A–G).................................... S. smithi sp. nov.

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 14

14. Frons, subcallus and clypeus dark brown; gena with whitish to yellowish setulae, and some black setulae; abdominal tergites 1–2 yellowish, with short, dense and black setulae, and a posterior band of pruinosity and white setulae, tergites 3–7 dark brown (Fig. 23A–E)............................................................. S. costaricana

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 15

15. Palpus tapered, both segments subequal or equal in size; flagellum orange, last flagellomere slightly darkened (Figs 34A–F, 35A–E, 36A–E).......................................................................... S. flavohirta

- Palpus slightly tapered, second segment shorter than the first; flagellum orange, last four flagellomeres black (Figs 37A–E, 38A–E)..................................................................................... S. fulva

16. Wing without patch or “window”; with spots on crossveins and/or with marginalized veins (Fig. 4A–K)............ 17

- Wing with patch or “window”; with spots on crossveins present or absent (Fig. 5A–M).......................... 29

17. Wing with all veins bordered with brown, spots on crossveins present or absent (Fig. 4C, D, F and K).............. 18

- Wing without brown-marginated veins or with a few brown-marginated veins (usually R 4, M 3 and CuA, only); spots on crossveins present (Fig. 4A–B, E, and G–J)............................................................ 21

18. Clypeus markedly developed, clypeal index 1.1; scutum brown with yellow longitudinal stripes; wing hyaline with brown veins marginated with yellowish-brown without spots on crossveins (Fig. 52A–G)............ S. longibeccus sp. nov.

- Clypeus not markedly developed, clypeal index ≤ 0.8; and another combination of characters..................... 19

19. Wing slightly smoky with dark brown veins with dark brown margins; abdominal tergites 1–2 yellowish, tergite 2 with a central dark brown quadrangular tegumentary patch, other tergites dark brown and with dense black setulae (Fig. 51A–D)..................................................................................... S. limbativena

- Wing smoky brown with brown veins moderately marginated with brown; abdominal tergites 1–2 orange, tergites 1–3 with irregular black patch, remaining tergites dark brown, with dense yellow setulae (Fig. 41A–F)............ S. fumipennis

21. Spots on crossveins well marked, dark brown; abdomen brown with scattered yellowish tones on tergites 2–4, all tergites with posterior band of white pruinosity and setulae, tergites 1–6 with central triangles of white pruinosity and setulae; antenna dark brown (Figs 56A–F, 57A–F)..................................................... S. merianae

- Spots on crossveins inconspicuous (Figs 21A and C, 25A, 26A and D, 43A, 59A and F, 67G, 77A); and another combination of characters..................................................................................... 22

22. Body predominantly black; scutum with yellow longitudinal stripes not extending to the posterior margin; fore and mid legs markedly bicolored, black femora and yellow tibiae; wing smoky with faint brown spots on crossveins (Fig. 59A–G)..................................................................................... S. nigella sp. nov.

- Body brown and yellowish or orange; and another combination of characters.................................. 23

23. Legs markedly bicolored, femora brown, tibiae and tarsi orange; scutum with yellowish longitudinal stripes (Fig. 25A–D)........................................................................................ S. distincta

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 24

24. Thoracic stripes white and well-marked; abdomen dark brown, tergites 1–2 yellowish-brown with posterior band of pruinosity and white setulae, tergites 3–5 with central triangles of pruinosity and white setulae; scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum orange, last flagellomeres darkened (Figs 43A–E, 44A–E)......................... S. gertrudeae

- Thoracic stripes not very conspicuous whitish or yellowish; and another combination of characters................ 25

25. Wing lightly smoky (Figs 21A and E, 26A and F)........................................................ 26

- Wing hyaline (Figs 67A, 76G, 77A).................................................................. 27

26. Scutum with slightly evident whitish longitudinal stripes; wing generally with a short appendix at the fork of vein R 4+5; abdominal tergite 1 with a brown anterior margin and an orange-yellowish posterior margin, tergite 2 orange-yellowish with black setulae and a central quadrangular dark brown patch, its posterior margin with white setulae, other tergites darkened and with black and white setulae (Figs 26A–F, 27A–E)................................ S. equatoriensis

- Scutum dark brown with inconspicuous yellowish longitudinal stripes; wing without appendix at the fork of vein R 4+5; abdomen black, tergites 1–2 with orange margins and posterior bands with yellowish setulae, tergites 3–4 with central triangles of yellowish setulae, tergite 5 with posterior band of yellowish setulae (Figs 21A–F, 22A–F)........ S. cooperi

27. Scutum dark brown with two whitish sublateral longitudinal stripes; abdominal tergite 1 with brown anterior margin and yellow posterior margin, tergites 2–3 yellow, with a central median brown integument patch, tergites 4–7 brown, all tergites with posterior band of yellowish setulae and with tuft of whitish setulae on the central posterior margin (Fig. 76A–H).................................................................................... S. tinajillas sp. nov.

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 28

28. Abdomen predominantly yellow, tergites 3–7 with brown anterior margin and yellowish posterior margin, tergites 3–4 with short, sparse black setulae, and tergites 5–7 with dense, short yellow and black setulae (Figs 67A–G, 68A–G).......................................................................................... S. peruviana sp. nov.

- Abdomen yellowish-brown, tergites 3–7 dark brown with dense black setulae, tergite 3 with tuft of yellow setulae on central posterior margin, and tergites 4–6 with posterior band of yellow setulae (Figs 77A–F, 78A–F)........ S. walkeri sp. nov.

29. Wing smoky brown with distinct yellow macula on the anterior region, covering part of the r 1, r 2+3, r 5 and m 3 cells and the entire discal cell; body yellowish-brown; antennae yellow with greenish tones on the scape, pedicel and last flagellomeres; legs yellow with greenish tones on the femora, brownish tarsi (Fig. 42A–F)............................... S. fusca

- Wing variegated; and another combination of characters.................................................. 30

30. Clypeus markedly developed (clypeal index ≥ 1) (Figs 28C, 32B and D, 33D, 53D, 69D)........................ 31

- Clypeus poorly developed (clypeal index ≤ 0.8) (Figs 7C and D, 15B, 16C and D, 24B, 50C, 80B, F).............. 34

31. Body predominantly yellow (Figs 32A, 53A)........................................................... 32

- Body predominantly brown (Figs 28A, 69A)........................................................... 33

32. Legs dark brown; scutum with conspicuous yellow longitudinal stripes; wing slightly smoky, with faint brown spots on crossveins and yellowish patch (“window”) in the cells r 1 and r 2+3 (Fig. 53A–E)....................... S. longirostris

- Legs yellowish-brown; scutum with conspicuous white longitudinal stripes; wing smoky with brown spots on crossveins and yellowish patch (“window”) in cells r 1 and r 2+3, well-marked yellow patch in cell r 5 (Figs 32A–G, 33A–F)................................................................................................ S. flavescens

33. Proboscis dark brown with small tufts of setulae on the sides, just above the labellum; scutum with narrow and barely visible yellowish longitudinal stripes; wing smoky with faint spots on crossveins and anterior region with yellowish patch (“window”); abdominal tergites 1–2 with a posterior band of whitish setulae, tergites 3–6 with a tuft of whitish setulae on the central posterior margin (Fig. 69A–E)..................................................... S. rhinothrix

- Proboscis shiny black, without tufts of setulae; scutum with conspicuous white longitudinal stripes; wing smoky, without spots on crossveins, with a yellowish patch on the anterior region (“window”); tergites 1–6 with tufts of yellowish-white setulae on the central posterior margin (Fig. 28A–D)............................................ S. equivexans

34. Fore and mid legs markedly bicolored (Figs 15B, 16D, 30D, 83B).......................................... 35

- Legs unicolored or not markedly bicolored, femora darker than tibiae (Figs 7C, 9B, 24B, 48B, 50D, 54B, 58B, 62B, 64E, 80B)........................................................................................... 38

35. Scutum with two yellowish sublateral stripes and long dense orange setulae; frons and subcallus brown with yellowish pruinosity; well-marked spots on crossveins (Fig. 15A–D)......................................... S. bilineata

- Spots on crossveins inconspicuous; and another combination of characters.................................... 36

36. Scutum with three yellow longitudinal stripes; frons and subcallus with dense yellow pruinosity; femora black, tibiae and fore and mid tarsi yellow; abdominal tergites 1–2 orange, other tergites black, tergites 3–7 with tuft of yellow setulae on the central posterior margin (Fig. 30A–G)............................................... S. falsibilineata sp. nov.

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 37

37. Scape and pedicel brown, flagellum orange-brown, last flagellomeres dark; palpus dark brown; scutum with yellowish longitudinal stripes; wing smoky brown with very faint brown spots on crossveins and yellowish patch on cells r 1 and r 2+3 (“window”); femora dark brown, tibiae and fore and mid tarsi yellow, hind tibiae and tarsi yellowish- brown (Fig. 16A–E).............................................................................. S. brevibeccus

- Antenna black; palpus dark brown; scutum with white longitudinal stripes; wings smoky, faint brown spots on crossveins and yellowish patch on cells r 1, r 2+3, r 5 and on the discal cell (“window”); femora dark brown, fore and mid tibiae yellowish-brown, hind tibiae dark brown (Fig. 83A–F)...................................................... S. youngi

38. Sublateral thoracic stripes not extending to the posterior margin of the scutum (Figs 7A, 24A, 50A)................ 39

- Sublateral thoracic stripes extending to the posterior margin of the scutum, even if weak and poorly defined, best seen in posterodorsal or anterodorsal view (Figs 9A, 48A, 49A, 54A, 62A, 64A, 80C)................................. 41

39. Body yellowish-brown densely covered with coppery setulae; thorax with yellow sublateral stripes; wing yellowish on the anterior margin and in the middle of cells r 1 and r 2+3 (“window”); legs yellowish-brown (Fig. 24A–D)........ S. cuprea

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 40

40. Scutum brown with broad and quite evident white sublateral stripes, median stripe narrow and less evident; wing smoky brown at the apex and anterior margin, with yellowish spot in the middle of cells r 1, r 2+3 and r 5 (“window”) and hyaline posterior margin, brown veins with faint brown spots on crossveins (Fig. 7A–F)........................... S. acris

- Scutum dark brown with quite evident white sublateral and lateral stripes; wing smoky with dark brown spots on crossveins and yellowish patch on the anterior margin, in the middle of cells r 1 and r 2+3 (“window”) (Fig. 50A–E)....... S. kroeberi

41. Well-marked brown spots on crossveins (Figs 62D, 64G, 80D)............................................. 42

- Faint brown spots on crossveins or absent (Figs 9A and D, 48A, 54A, 55A, E)................................. 45

42. Tergites 1–3 yellow, with a brown to black median tegumentary patch, tergites 4–7 dark with small pale median triangles; wing smoky with yellow patch (“window”) on anterior margin; scutum with three yellowish longitudinal stripes (Figs 62A–F, 63A–G).................................................................... S. obscurefemorata

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 43

43. Wing smoky brown on the anterior region, with a yellow patch in the middle of cells r 1 and r 2+3 (“window”), and hyaline on the posterior region, veins marginated with brown; scutum with whitish longitudinal stripes; femora brown, tibiae yellowish; tergites predominantly yellow, tergite 1 with a brown anterior margin, tergite 2 with an irregular brown central patch, tergites 4–7 darkened, all tergites with a tuft of white setulae in the middle of the posterior margin (Figs 64A–G, 65A–G)............................................................................. S. philipi sp. nov.

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 44

44. Scutum brown with yellowish longitudinal stripes, sublateral stripes quite evident, median stripe less evident; wing smoky on the anterior margin, with a yellow patch in the middle of cells r 1 and r 2+3 (“window”), and hyaline on the posterior margin; legs yellow (Figs 80A–G, 81A–G).............................................. S. wilkersoni sp. nov.

- Scutum dark brown with yellowish longitudinal stripes, median stripe narrow and inconspicuous, sublateral stripes slightly wider and quite evident; wing brownish on the anterior region, with yellow patch, and smoky on the posterior region; legs orange, hind tibia darkened (Fig. 58A–D)......................................................... S. minor

45. Scutum with longitudinal stripes yellowish slightly evident; wings yellowish-brown on the anterior region and smoky on the posterior region, brown spots in crossveins and yellowish patch on cells r 1, r 2+3 (“window”); legs yellowish; abdomen yellowish with dense short black setulae and some yellowish setulae, tergites 3–4 with a small tuft of whitish setulae on the central posterior margin (Figs 48A–D, 49A–E)................................................. S. incompleta

- Another combination of characters................................................................... 46

46. Wing smoky brown with yellowish spots in the middle of cells r 1 and r 2+3 (“window”) and lighter areas in the cells m 1 and m 2; fore and mid femora and tibiae yellowish-brown, hind femur and tibia orange-brown; tergites 1–2 yellowish-brown, other tergites darkened, tergites 2–5 with central triangles of whitish setulae on the central posterior margin (Fig. 9A–F)...................................................................................... S. albifasciata

- Wing as above, but no lighter areas in the cells m 1 and m 2; femora orange-brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish-brown, hind tibiae and tarsi darkened; abdomen orange-brown, tergites 2–5 with triangle of setulae and white pruinosity on the central posterior margin (Figs 54A–D, 55A–F)..................................................... S. maculipennis