Published April 9, 2026 | Version v1
Journal article Open

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL AND THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS ORGANISATIONAL VARIABLES ON IT: WITH A REFERENCE TO THE VUCA ENVIRONMENT

Authors/Creators

  • 1. RESEARCH SCHOLAR, JAI NARAIN VYAS UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR.
  • 2. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, JAI NARAIN VYAS UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR.

Description

The existing body of theoretical and empirical research consistently indicates a positive correlation between Employee Engagement (EE) and Psychological Capital (PsyCap). Furthermore, prior research has established correlations between PsyCap and several organisational variables, including leadership, employee attitudes and behaviours, workplace outcomes, and job performance. Simultaneously, employee engagement (EE) has been found to have a favourable impact on many workplace outcomes and employee performance.

PsyCap is gaining relevance in the contemporary business landscape, often referred to as the VUCA Environment. Organisations face a formidable undertaking in their efforts to augment employee engagement levels. The attributes of the VUCA environment necessitate enduring employee practices that foster heightened employee engagement. The study reviews the literature on the relationship between employee engagement and psychological capital, considering several organisational variables, to develop a theoretical framework.

Files

28. Juhie Tak - Online.pdf

Files (1.4 MB)

Name Size
md5:0addadb74c443a9d3083baf4cc86ac07
1.4 MB Preview Download

Additional details

Identifiers

ISSN
2455-295X

Related works

Is compiled by
Journal article: 2455-295X (ISSN)

References

  • 1. Abbas, M., Raja, U., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2014). Combined Effects of Perceived Politics and Psychological Capital on Job Satisfaction, Turnover Intentions, and Performance. Journal of Management, 1813–1830.
  • 2. Abukhalifa, A. M., Kamil, N. L., & Yong, C. C. (2022). How psychological capital shapes social workers' job performance: The mediating role of work engagement? Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 1-22.
  • 3. Aderibigbe, J. K. (2021). Psychological capital: the antidote for the consequences of organisational citizenship behaviour in industry 4.0 workplace. In Agile Coping in the Digital Workplace: Emerging Issues for Research and Practice, 259-273.
  • 4. Agarwal, P. (2021). Shattered but smiling: Human resource management and the wellbeing of hotel employees during COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management.
  • 5. Agarwal, P. (2021). Shattered but Smiling: Human Resource Management and the Wellbeing of Hotel Employees during COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management.
  • 6. Alessandri, G., Consiglio, C., Luthans, F., & Borgogni, L. (2018). Testing a dynamic model of the impact of psychological capital on work engagement and job performance. Career Development International, 33-47.
  • 7. Al-Ghazali, Basheer, M., & Bilal, A. (2023). Impact of psychological capital on mental health, readiness for organizational change, and job insecurity: hotel employees' perspective in COVID-19. Journal of Tourism Futures.
  • 8. Alkahtani, N. S., M, S. M., Delany, K., & Adow, A. H. (2020). The Influence of Psychological Capital on Workplace Wellbeing and Employee Engagement among Saudi Workforce. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 233-245.
  • 9. Alkahtani, N. S., Sulphey, M., Delany, K., & Adow, A. H. (2020). The Influence of Psychological Capital on Work Place Wellbeing and Employee Engagement Among Saudi Workforce. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 233-245.
  • 10. Ankush Ambardar, A. S. (2017). Quality of Work Life Practices in Indian Hotel Industry. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Systems.
  • 11. Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, pp. 127-152.
  • 12. Azizi, M. R., Atlasi, R., Ziapour, A., Abbas, J., & Naemi, R. (2021). Innovative human resource management strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic narrative review approach. Heliyon.
  • 13. Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control.
  • 14. BE, B., & HM., W. (2020). Managing VUCA: The human dynamics of agility. Organizational dynamics, Advance online publication.
  • 15. Bharwani, S., & Butt, N. (2012). Challenges for the Global Hospitality Industry: an HR Perspective. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.
  • 16. Bond, R. (2003). The Rupa Book of True Tales of Mystery and Adventure. New Delhi: Rupa & Co.
  • 17. Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2009). Dispositional optimism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 293-299.
  • 18. Çavuş, M. F., & Gökçen, A. (2015). Psychological Capital: Definition, Components and Effects. British Journal of Education, Society & Behaviorial Science, 244-255.
  • 19. Chand, M., & Ambardar, A. (2010). Training and Development Practices in Indian Hotel Industry. International Journal of Marketing & Human Resource Management, 42-57.
  • 20. Chand, M., & Katou, A. A. (2007). The Impact of HRM Practices on Organisational Performance in the Indian Hotel Industry. Employee Relations, 576-594.
  • 21. Chand, M., & Katou, A. A. (2010). The Impact of HRM Practices on Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Performance in the Indian Hotel Industry. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management.
  • 22. Chandani, A., Mehta, M., Mall, A., & Khokhar, V. (2016). Employee Engagement: A Review Paper on Factors Affecting Employee Engagement. Indian Journal of Science and Technology.
  • 23. Chang, P. C., Sun, K., & Wu, T. (2022). A study on the mechanisms of strengths-based psychological climate on employee innovation performance: a moderated mediation model. Chinese Management Studies, 422-445.
  • 24. Costantini, A., Paola, F. D., Ceschi, A., Sartori, R., Meneghini, A. M., & Fabio, A. D. (2017). Work engagement and Psychological Capital in the Italian Public Administration: A new resource-based intervention programme. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 1-11.
  • 25. Devendra, A. (2001). The Hotel Industry In India - The Past And The Present. The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management, 65-73.
  • 26. Dr. Sarah Hussain, G. S. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities in the Indian hotel industry. The Pacific Review, 7-20.
  • 27. El-Said, O. A., Smith, M., Al-Yafaei, Y., & Salam, S. A. (2023). From complexity to evolution: Mapping resilience management practices in the hospitality industry during the COVID-19 crisis. International Journal of Hospitality Management.
  • 28. George, O. J., Okon, S. E., & Akaighe, G. O. (2023). Psychological Capital and Work Engagement among Employees in the Nigerian Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence. International Journal of Public Administration, 445–453.
  • 29. Georgetown University. (2023, April). Retrieved from https://guides.library.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=76036&p=487475
  • 30. Ghosh, R., Shuck, B., Cumberland, D., & D'Mello, J. (2018). Building Psychological Capital and Employee Engagement: Is Formal Mentoring a Useful Strategic Human Resource Development Intervention? Performance Improvement Quarterly, 37-54.
  • 31. Gläser, W. (2021, November 9). Where does the term VUCA come from? VUCA World.
  • 32. Gom, D., Lew, T. Y., Jiony, M. M., Tanakinjal, G. H., & Jr, S. S. (n.d.). The role of transformational leadership and psychological capital in the hotel industry: a sustainable approach to reducing turnover intention. Sustainability.
  • 33. Guchait, P., & Cho, S. (2010). The impact of human resource management practices on intention to leave of employees in the service industry in India: the mediating role of organizational commitment. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1228-1247.
  • 34. Gupta, M., Shaheen, M., & Reddy, P. K. (2017). Impact of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behavior Mediation by work engagement. Journal of Management Development, 973-983.
  • 35. Gupta, V., & Sahu, G. (2021). Reviving the Indian hospitality industry after the Covid-19 pandemic: the role of innovation in training. Worldwide hospitality and tourism themes, 599-609.
  • 36. Hameed, S. (2016). The Strategic Position of Human Resource Management for Creating Sustainable. Journal of Human Resources Management and Labor Studies.
  • 37. Hanine, S., & Dinar, B. (2022). The Challenges of Human Capital Management in the VUCA Era. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 503-514.
  • 38. Herbert, M. (2011). An Exploration of the Relationships between Psychological Capital (Hope, Optimism, Self-Efficacy, Resilience), Occupational Stress, Burnout and Employee Engagement. Doctoral Dissertation.
  • 39. Hofboll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3) 513.
  • 40. (2019). Hospitality Industry in India - Size & Share Analysis. Mordor Intelligence.
  • 41. Huang, S. (., Yu, Z., Shao, Y., Yu, M., & Li, Z. (2021). Relative effects of human capital, social capital and psychological capital on hotel employees' job performance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 490-512.
  • 42. Huang, S., Yu, Z., Shao, Y., Yu, M., & Li, Z. (2021). Relative effects of human capital, social capital and psychological capital on hotel employees' job performance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 490-512.
  • 43. J., A. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 308-323.
  • 44. Jauhari, V. (2012). Strategic Growth Challenges for the Indian Hotel Industry. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 118-130.
  • 45. Joo, B. K., Lim, D. H., & Kim, S. (2016). Enhancing work engagement: The roles of psychological capital, authentic leadership, and work empowerment. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 1117-1134.
  • 46. Jung, H. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2015). The impact of employees' positive psychological capital on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors in the hotel. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 1135-1156.
  • 47. Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 692-724.
  • 48. Kahtani, A., Saad, N., & Sulphey, M. (2022). A study on how psychological capital, social capital, workplace wellbeing, and employee engagement relate to task performance. SAGE Open.
  • 49. Kang, H. J., & Busser, J. A. (2018). Impact of service climate and psychological capital on employee engagement: The role of organizational hierarchy. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1-9.
  • 50. Kansara, D. (2019). Indian Hotel Industry – Review & Prospects. Care Ratings.
  • 51. Karumuri, V. (2016). Employee Engagement: Hotel Industry. SCMS Journal of Indian Management.
  • 52. Kautish, P., Hameed, S., Kour, P., & Walia, S. (2022). Career beliefs, self-efficacy and VUCA skills: A study among generation Z female students of tourism and hospitality. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education.
  • 53. Khliefat, A., Chen, H., Ayoun, B., & Eyoun, K. (2021). The impact of the challenge and hindrance stress on hotel employees interpersonal citizenship behaviors: psychological capital as a moderator. International Journal of Hospitality Management.
  • 54. Kuriakose, V., Dhanya, T., & Hycinth, F. (2023). Family incivility and service delivery of frontline hotel employees: roles of negative rumination, psychological capital and perceived organisational support. International Journal of Conflict Management .
  • 55. Lee, J. H. (2012). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement: Empirical Study of Hotel Employees and Managers. Kansas State University: Doctoral Dissertation.
  • 56. Li, Y. (2018). Leadership styles and knowledge workers' work engagement:Psychological capital as a mediator. Current Psychology, 1152–1161.
  • 57. Li, Y., Castaño, G., & Li, Y. (2018). Linking Leadership Styles to Work Engagement: The role of Psychological Capital among Chinese Knowledge Workers. Chinese Management Studies, 433-452.
  • 58. Luo, C. Y., Tsai, C. H., Chen, M. H., & Gao, J. L. (2021). The effects of psychological capital and internal social capital on frontline hotel employees' adaptive performance. Sustainability.
  • 59. Luthans, F., & Broad, J. D. (2022). Positive psychological capital to help combat the mental health fallout from the pandemic and VUCA environment. Organizational dynamics, 51(2), 100817.
  • 60. Luthans, F., & Youssef, C. M. (2007). Emerging positive organizational behavior. Journal of management, 321-349.
  • 61. Luthans, F., & Youssef-Morgan, C. (2017). Psychological Capital: An Evidence-Based Positive Approach. Annual review of organizational psychology and organizational behavior, 339-366.
  • 62. Luthans, F., Avolio, B., Avey, J., & Norman, S. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 541-572.
  • 63. Luthans, F., Luthans, K. W., & Luthans, B. C. (2004). Positive psychological capital: Beyond human and social capital. Business Horizons.
  • 64. Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G. R., & Lester, P. B. (2006). Developing the Psychological Capital of Resiliency. Human Resource Development Review, 25–44.
  • 65. M.Karatepe, O., & Karadas, G. (2014). Do psychological capital and work engagement foster frontline employees' satisfaction? A study in the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 1254-1278.
  • 66. Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 3 - 30.
  • 67. Macey, W. H., & Schneider, B. (2008). The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
  • 68. Madera, J. M., Dawson, M., Guchait, P., & Belarmino, A. M. (2017). Strategic human resources management research in hospitality and tourism: A review of current literature and suggestions for the future. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 48-66.
  • 69. Mahapatra, D. A. (2022). A Historical Study on the Evolution and Growth of Tourism and Hospitality Industry. resmilitaris 12 - European Journal of Military Studies, 2167-2172.
  • 70. (2023). MarketLine Industry Profile - Travel & Tourism in India. MarketLiine.
  • 71. (2023). MarketLine Industry Profile - Travel & Tourism in India. MarketLine.
  • 72. Mazzetti, G., Guglielmi, D., Chiesa, R., & Mariani, M. G. (2016). Happy employees in a resourceful workplace: just a direct relationship? A study on the mediational role of psychological capital. Career Development International, 682-696.
  • 73. Meng, Y.-s., Qi, S.-h., & Li, L. (2011). A study on the impact of hotel leaders' psychological capital on employee engagement. Tianjin: IEEE.
  • 74. Meng, Y.-s., Qi, S.-h., & Li, L. (2011). A study on the Impact of Hotel Leaders' Psychological Capital on Employee Engagement. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 1135-2015.
  • 75. Murugan, S., Rajavel, S., Aggarwal, A. K., & Singh, A. (2020). VUCA in Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Way Forward. International Journal of Health Systems and Implementation Research, 10-16.
  • 76. Murugan, S., Rajavel, S., Aggarwal, A. K., & Singh, A. (2021). VUCA in Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Way Forward. International Journal of Health Systems and Implementation Research, 10-16.
  • 77. Musunuri, D., & Bharwani, S. (2014). Decoding The Strategic Growth Challenges Faced by the Indian Hospitality Sector. Journal of Services Research, 123-139.
  • 78. Nair, B. P., Prasad, T., & Nair, S. K. (2022). Role of Leader and Followers' Well-being, Engagement and the Moderating role of Psychological Capital. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 3293-3308.
  • 79. Narayanasami, S., Joseph, M. S., & Parayitam, S. (2023). Emotional intelligence and psychological capital as moderators in the relationship between employee commitment and work engagement: evidence from employees in banking from India. Journal fo Asia Business Studies.
  • 80. Ozturk, A., & Karatepe, O. M. (2019). Frontline hotel employees' psychological capital, trust in organization, and their effects on nonattendance intentions, absenteeism, and creative performance. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 217-239.
  • 81. Paek, S., Schuckert, M., Kim, T. T., & Lee, G. (2015). Why is hospitality employees' psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale. International journal of hospitality management, 9-26.
  • 82. Pandey, J., Gupta, M., & Hassan, Y. (2021). Intrapreneurship to engage employees: role of psychological capital. Management Decision, 1525-1545.
  • 83. Pandey, J., Gupta, M., & Hassan, Y. (2021). Intrapreneurship to engage employees: role of psychological capital. Management Decision, 1525-1545.
  • 84. Pandey, J., Gupta, M., & Hassan, Y. (2021). Intrapreneurship to Engage Employees: role of Psychological Capital. Management Decision, 1525-1545.
  • 85. Park, J. G., Kim, J. S., Yoon, S. W., & Joo, B. K. (2017). The effects of empowering leadership on psychological well-being and job engagement: The mediating role of psychological capital. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 350-367.
  • 86. Pathak, D., & Joshi, G. (2021). Impact of psychological capital and life satisfaction on organizational resilience during COVID-19: Indian tourism insights. Current Issues in Tourism, 2398-2415.
  • 87. Potsangbam, C. (2017). Adaptive Performance in VUCA Era - Where is research going? International Journal of Management, 99–108.
  • 88. Potsangbam, C. (2017). Adaptive Performance in VUCA Era - Where is Research Going? International Journal of Management, 99–108.
  • 89. Presbitero, A. (2016). How do changes in human resource management practices influence employee engagement? A longitudinal study in a hotel chain in the Philippines. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 56-70.
  • 90. Putra, E. D., Cho, S., & Liu, J. (2017). Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on work engagement in the hospitality industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 228-241.
  • 91. Ram, D. P., & Prabhakar, D. G. (2011). The role of employee engagement in work-related outcomes. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research in Business, 47-61.
  • 92. Raza, A., Saeed, D. T., & Iftikhar, D. U. (2022). Impact Of Psychological Capital On Employee Creativity: Mediating Role Of Employee Engagement. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 1132-1147.
  • 93. (1988). Report of the National Committee on Tourism. Planning Commission, Government of India.
  • 94. S.K.Kuthiala. (2001). Tourism & Hospitality Industry in India. Journal of Services Research.
  • 95. Saad, N., Kahtani, A., & Sulphey, M. (2022). A Study on How Psychological Capital, Social Capital, Workplace Wellbeing, and Employee Engagement Relate to Task Performance. SAGE Open.
  • 96. Sadiqe, M. (2014). Employee Engagement in Hospitality Industry in India: An Overview . Global Journal of Finance and Management, 375-378.
  • 97. Sanjeev, G. M., & Birdie, A. K. (2019). The tourism and hospitality industry in India: emerging issues for the next decade. Emerald Insight - Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 355-361.
  • 98. Saraswati, K. (2019). Work engagement: The impact of psychological capital and organizational justice and its influence on turnover intention. J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 86-91.
  • 99. Schaufeli, W., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. (2002). The Measurement of Engagement and Burnout: A two-sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies,, 71-92.
  • 100. Sen, K., & Bhattacharya, A. (2019). Attracting and managing talent, how are the top three hotel companies in India doing it? Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 404-417.
  • 101. Shukla, B., Sufi, T., Joshi, M., & Sujatha, R. (2022). Leadership challenges for Indian hospitality industry during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights.
  • 102. Sihag, P. (2021). The mediating role of perceived organizational support on psychological capital – employee engagement relationship: a study of Indian IT industry. Journal of Indian Business Research, 154-186.
  • 103. Singh, D. S., & Turan, P. M. (2007). Indian Tourism in the Paradigm of the Incredible India Campaign. Journal of Hospitality Application & Research, 82-101.
  • 104. Singh, R., Sihag, P., & Dhoopar, A. (2023). Role of Resilient Leadership and Psychological Capital in Employee Engagement with special reference to COVID-19. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 232-252.
  • 105. Sinha, D., & Sinha, S. (2020). Managing in a VUCA World: Possibilities and Pitfalls. Journal of Technology Management for Growing, 17-21.
  • 106. SoyonPaek, Schuckert, M., Terr, T., & Lee, K. G. (2015). Why is hospitality employees' psychological capital important? The effects of psychological capital on work engagement and employee morale. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 9-26.
  • 107. (2023, 08 24). Statista - Number of foreign tourist arrivals in India from 2000 to 2021. Statista Research Department. Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/206872/number-of-foreign-tourist-arrivals-in-india-since-2000/
  • 108. Sun, L., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee Engagement: A Literature Review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 63-80.
  • 109. Suryanarayana, P. A. (2022). Insights into Leadership Mandates and Imperatives in a VUCA World. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 7255 – 7264.
  • 110. Taskan, B., Junça-Silva, A., & Caetano, A. (2022). Clarifying the conceptual map of VUCA: a systematic review. International Journal of Organizational Analysis.
  • 111. (2021). The Indian Tourism and Hospitality Report. Noesis Capital Advisors.
  • 112. (2017). UNWTO Annual Report. World Touism Organisation.
  • 113. Waal, J. J., & Pienaar, J. (2013). Towards understanding causality between work engagement and psychological capital. SA Journal of Industrial.
  • 114. Wirawan, H., Jufri, M., & Saman, A. (2020). The effect of authentic leadership and psychological capital on work engagement: the mediating role of job satisfaction. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 1139-1154.
  • 115. Witasari, J., & Gustomo, A. (2020). Understanding The Effect of Human Capital Management Practices, Psychological Capital, and Employee Engagement To Employee Performances. The Asian Journal of Technology Management, 1-15.
  • 116. Witasari, J., & Gustomo, A. (2020). Understanding the effect of human capital management practices, psychological capital, and employee engagement to employee performances. The Asian Journal of Technology Management, 1-15.
  • 117. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2023, April 29). Retrieved from https://wttc.org: https://wttc.org/research/economic-impact
  • 118. World Travel & Tourism Council. (2023).
  • 119. Xu, J., Liu, Y., & Chung, B. (2017). Leader psychological capital and employee work engagement: The roles of employee psychological capital and team collectivism. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 969-985.
  • 120. Yao, J., X. Q., Yang, L., Han, X., & Li, Y. (2022). The Relationship between Work Engagement and Job Performance: Psychological capital as a Moderator. Frontiers in Psychology.
  • 121. Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2007). Positive Organizational Behavior in the Workplace: The Impact of Hope, Optimism, and Resilience. Journal of Management, 774–800.
  • 122. Zaitouni, M., Moufakkir, O., & Ouakouak, M. L. (2022). Antecedents and Outcomes of Employee Engagement in the Hospitality Sector: A Non-western Study. Proceedings of the 18th European Conference on Management Leadership and Governance (pp. 570 - 577). Lisbon: Emerald Publishing.
  • 123. Zhang, Y. Y., Rohlfer, S., & Varma, A. (2022). Strategic people management in contemporary highly dynamic VUCA contexts: A knowledge worker perspective. Journal of Business Research.