A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON BASE ISOLATION METHODS FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION OF STRUCTURES

Abstract

Earthquakes are a major factor that endangers the structural safety, especially in areas where there is a lot seismic activity and thus there is a need to come up with sophisticated mitigation measures. The conventional design methods mainly use the strength and ductility but can readily accommodate substantial structural and non-structural damages. Here, one of the methods that have been proven to be of use in minimizing seismic demand is base isolation, which decouples the structure to ground motion. This review paper is a comprehensive evaluation of base isolation techniques and its application in improving seismic performance. It reviews important isolation systems, such as elastomeric bearings, lead rubber bearings, high damping rubber bearings as well as friction-based systems such as friction pendulum mechanisms. It also discusses performance evaluation, design, and implementation in buildings, bridges, hospitals, and heritage buildings. The review also discusses smart materials, hybrid control systems, and adaptive isolation technologies. In general, base isolation devices may reduce seismic forces, structural acceleration, and damage and improve safety and post-earthquake functionality. Researchers, engineers, and politicians can apply this study to improve earthquake resistance utilizing isolation strategies.