Annulohypoxylon annulatum (Schwein.) Y. M. Ju, J. D. Rogers & H. M. Hsieh, Mycologia 97 (4): 857. 2005

Fig. 2

Teleomorph.

Stromata superficial, hemispherical, up to 2 cm long × 0.2–0.8 cm wide, with inconspicuous perithecial mounds; surface Olivaceous (48) to brown when young, becoming Brown Vinaceous (84); blackish granules immediately beneath surface; with KOH-extractable pigments Yellowish Green (18) or Green (20). Perithecia spherical to obovoid 0.5–0.75 mm high × 0.25–0.65 mm wide; ostioles coarsely papillate, encircled with a convex truncatum - type disc 0.3–0.5 mm diam. Asci 8 - spored, cylindrical, with weakly amyloid, discoid apical apparatus, 0.5 µm high × 1–1.5 µm wide, stipe up to 50 µm, and spore-bearing portion 60–70 × 4–5 µm. Ascospores brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid-inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, (7 –) 8.0–11.0 (– 12) × 3–4 µm, with straight germ slit spore-length on the convex side; perispore dehiscent in 10 % KOH, smooth with a thickening on the convex side; epispore smooth.

Secondary metabolites.

Not observed.

Specimens examined.

Iran • Guilan Province, Rasht County, Saravan forest, 37°04'26"N, 49°38'13"E, 183 m elev., on fallen branch of Quercus castaneifolia, 9 October 2016, M. J. Pourmoghaddam (GUM 1614; living culture MUCL 57733; IRAN 3726 C); • Guilan Province, Siahkal County, Ziaratgah forest, 37°08'07.34"N, 49°55'36.14"E, 260 m elev., on dead branches (host unknown), 14 October 2016, M. J. Pourmoghaddam.

Notes.

Annulohypoxylon annulatum and A. truncatum share stromatic features, such as truncatum - type ostiolar discs and KOH-extractable pigments. Annulohypoxylon annulatum can be differentiated from A. truncatum by the shape of its stromata (hemispherical or massively pulvinate in A. annulatum and hemispherical, glomerate, pulvinate, or effused-pulvinate in A. truncatum), stromatal secondary metabolites (hypoxylonols C and F in A. annulatum and truncatone A and truncaquinones A and B in A. truncatum), and molecular phylogeny (Kuhnert et al. 2017; Li et al. 2025). Most of the characters of the Iranian specimens are in accordance with the type description (Ju and Rogers 1996; Kuhnert et al. 2017), aside from insignificant variations in the size of ascospores [(7 –) 8.0–11.0 (– 12) × 3–4 vs. 7.5–10.5 (– 11) × 3.5–5 (– 6) µm].