Evaluation of Lipid Profile and Electrocardiographic Changes in First Time Diagnosed Hypothyroid Patient

Background: Hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities, including dyslipidemia and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. Early detection of these alterations is essential to prevent long-term cardiovascular complications.

Objective: To evaluate lipid profile abnormalities and ECG changes in first-time diagnosed, treatment-naïve hypothyroid patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Krishna Mohan Medical College and Hospital from May 2024 to November 2025. 120 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients aged ≥18 years were included. Exclusion criteria included known cardiac, renal, hepatic, or endocrine disorders and medications affecting thyroid function. Thyroid function tests (T3, T4, TSH), haematological parameters, lipid profile, and ECG were analysed. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and percentages.

Results: The mean age was 42.3 ± 12.5 years, with female predominance (70%). Common clinical features included fatigue (79.2%) and weight gain (73.3%). Laboratory analysis revealed elevated TSH (18.6 ± 7.4 µIU/mL) with low-normal T4 (4.2 ± 1.1 µg/dL). Dyslipidemia was observed in more than 50% of patients, with elevated total cholesterol (56.7%), LDL (62.5%), and low HDL (58.3%). ECG abnormalities were present in 62.5% of patients, most commonly sinus bradycardia (33.3%).

Conclusion: Newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients frequently exhibit dyslipidemia and ECG abnormalities, indicating early cardiovascular involvement. Routine lipid and ECG evaluation at diagnosis, along with timely levothyroxine therapy, is essential to reduce cardiovascular risk.