Biochemical Variations of Serum Magnesium with Lipid Analytes in Different Clinical Groups of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Electrolyte disturbances, particularly hypomagnesemia, are frequently observed in diabetic patients and may contribute to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Serum magnesium plays a vital role in carbohydrate metabolism, insulin activity, and lipid regulation.

Objective: To evaluate the biochemical variations of serum magnesium and its association with lipid profile parameters in different clinical groups of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 100 participants comprising 30 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, 50 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 20 healthy controls. Serum magnesium levels and lipid profile parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were measured using standard biochemical methods. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the biochemical parameters among the groups and to determine correlations between magnesium and lipid analytes.

Results: Serum magnesium levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients compared to healthy controls. Patients with Type 2 diabetes exhibited relatively lower magnesium levels than Type 1 diabetes patients. Lipid profile parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol were elevated in diabetic groups, while HDL-cholesterol was reduced. A negative correlation was observed between serum magnesium and total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, whereas a positive correlation was observed with HDL levels.

Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and is significantly correlated with dyslipidemia. Monitoring serum magnesium levels in diabetic patients may help in early identification of metabolic disturbances and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.