Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Reproductive-Aged Women Attending a Gynecology Outpatient Department: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge among women of reproductive age and is associated with significant reproductive and gynecological morbidity. Despite its high prevalence, it often remains underdiagnosed, particularly in outpatient settings.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bacterial vaginosis among women aged 15–45 years attending a gynecology outpatient department.

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 women attending the gynecology outpatient department of a multispecialty hospital. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive history, and behavioral factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical examination and laboratory evaluation were performed, and BV was diagnosed using Amsel’s criteria. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis.

Results: The prevalence of Bacterial vaginosis was 9.2%. The highest prevalence was observed in women aged 25–35 years. BV was more common among symptomatic women (14%) compared to asymptomatic women (6%). A higher prevalence was noted among women not using contraception and those with longer duration of cohabitation. Elevated vaginal pH, presence of clue cells, and positive amine test showed strong association with BV.

Conclusion: Bacterial vaginosis is a common yet under-recognized condition among reproductive-aged women. Routine screening using simple clinical methods such as Amsel’s criteria, along with awareness and preventive strategies, can help reduce associated morbidity.