Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of Uterine Fibroids in Women Attending Gynecology OPD

Background: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive tract and represent a significant cause of gynecological morbidity among women of reproductive age. They may present with symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, infertility, and pressure symptoms, although some women remain asymptomatic. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of uterine fibroids among women attending the gynecology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 12 months (January 2023 to December 2023). A total of 1,000 women attending the gynecology outpatient department were evaluated. Women diagnosed with uterine fibroids based on clinical examination and ultrasonography were included in the study. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, fibroid type, size, and associated complications were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.

Results: Among the 1,000 women evaluated, 180 (18%) were diagnosed with uterine fibroids. The majority of cases were observed in the 31–40 years age group (44%), followed by 41–50 years (38%). Heavy menstrual bleeding (40%) was the most common presenting symptom, followed by lower abdominal pain (22%) and dysmenorrhea (15%). Based on location, intramural fibroids (55%) were the most common type. Most fibroids measured 3–5 cm (40%) in size. Anemia due to heavy menstrual bleeding (35%) was the most common complication.

Conclusion: Uterine fibroids were observed in 18% of women attending the gynecology outpatient department, with the highest occurrence in the late reproductive age group. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the most common symptom, and intramural fibroids were the predominant type. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes.