Clinico-Pathological Study of Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

Introduction: Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) spinal cord tumors are the most common intradural spinal tumors and usually present with progressive neurological deficits due to spinal cord compression. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention play a crucial role in preventing permanent neurological damage and improving functional outcomes. Aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, histopathological spectrum, surgical management, and postoperative outcomes of intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumors.

Material and Methods: This prospective observational study included 32 patients diagnosed with intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumors admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at a Mamata Medical College between January 2024 and December 2025. All patients underwent clinical evaluation, MRI of the spine, and surgical excision of the tumor through a posterior approach. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Functional outcome was assessed using the Nurick grading system before and after surgery. Data regarding demographics, symptoms, tumor location, histopathology, surgical outcomes, and postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results: The majority of patients were in the 31–40 year age group, with a female predominance (59.4%). The most common presenting symptoms were weakness of limbs (62.5%), paraesthesia (46.9%), and radicular pain (37.5%). The Thoracic spine (56.25%) was the most frequent tumor location. Histopathologically, nerve sheath tumors (35%) were the most common lesions followed by meningiomas (28%). Total tumor excision was achieved in 87.5% of cases. Postoperative neurological improvement was observed in the majority of patients. Complications occurred in 12% of patients, including CSF leak, wound infection, and meningitis. No tumor recurrence was observed during a mean follow-up of 11 months.

Conclusion: IDEM spinal cord tumors are predominantly benign lesions with favorable surgical outcomes. Early diagnosis and complete surgical excision are associated with significant neurological recovery and low recurrence rates