Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Theology: Rethinking Humanity, Imago Dei, and Faith in the Digital Age

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents unprecedented challenges and opportunities for Christian theology, particularly concerning human uniqueness, moral agency, and the doctrine of Imago Dei. This chapter critically examines AI through the lens of Christian theological anthropology, exploring whether artificial systems can bear the divine image or meaningfully participate in human-like relational and moral capacities. Drawing on contemporary scholarship (Hermanto, 2025; Xu, 2025; Dorobantu, 2022) and biblical and theological sources, the study highlights that while AI can simulate cognitive functions, it lacks the spiritual, moral, and relational dimensions essential to human identity. Using a qualitative, library-based methodology, the chapter synthesizes insights from both Western and African theological perspectives to develop a coherent framework for understanding AI in the context of Christian faith. The findings affirm that human uniqueness is not reducible to intelligence alone and that moral responsibility resides solely with human agents. Furthermore, AI’s integration into work, creativity, and digital society underscores the need for discernment, ethical stewardship, and faith-informed engagement. The study concludes by offering practical recommendations for theologians, churches, and Christian educators to navigate AI responsibly, preserving human dignity while embracing technological innovation. This study contributes to ongoing scholarly discourse on religion and technology, demonstrating that classical Christian doctrines remain relevant for addressing contemporary challenges in the digital age, particularly within Nigerian and global contexts.