FETS Dataset: Foundation Models Outperform Dataset-specific Machine Learning in Energy Time Series Forecasting

This dataset accompanies the paper: "FETS Benchmark: Foundation Models Outperform Dataset-specific Machine Learning in Energy Time Series Forecasting", Obermeier, M. et al.

Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22328, Code: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19808930

The compilation contains time series from the European and international energy domain used to evaluate zero-shot and covariate-aware forecasting with state-of-the-art Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs). Nine domain categories are covered: Balancing Services, Dispatchable Generation, Non-Dispatchable Generation, Load, Market Data, Grid Data, Heat Data, Mobility / EV Charging, and Residential Load. All time series are stored in Apache Parquet format; covariate files (weather reanalysis, holiday calendars) are included in sub-folders alongside each target series. All timestamps are in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

File Structure

{DataClass}/
  {DatasetName} - {TargetName}/
    {data_file}.parquet       ← target time series
    covariates/
      {cov_file}.parquet      ← weather, calendar, …
zenodo_dataset_overview.csv   ← machine-readable index
zenodo_description.html       ← this file

This record contains datasets under different original licenses. Only datasets that permit redistribution (e.g. under open licenses such as Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or equivalent) are included in this record. Datasets with more restrictive licenses (e.g. non-commercial or no-redistribution terms) are not redistributed but referenced via links to their original sources. Each dataset remains subject to its respective license. No additional rights are granted. The license indicated for this record applies only to the metadata and documentation. Users are responsible for complying with the respective license terms of each dataset. Proper attribution and adherence to any usage restrictions must be ensured when reusing the data.

Balancing Services

Balancing Data Germany — Area Control Error (NRV Saldo)

• Folder: Balancing Services/Balancing Data Germany - Area Control Error (NRV Saldo)/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: Netztransparenz.de (German TSOs) – redistribution requires written consent of the transmission system operators
• Download: https://www.netztransparenz.de/de-de/Regelenergie/Daten-Regelreserve/Aktivierte-Regelleistung
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

aFRR Germany — Germany aFRR negativ

• Folder: Balancing Services/aFRR Germany - Germany aFRR negativ/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: Netztransparenz.de (German TSOs) – redistribution requires written consent of the transmission system operators
• Download: https://www.netztransparenz.de/de-de/Regelenergie/Daten-Regelreserve/Aktivierte-Regelleistung
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

aFRR Germany — Germany aFRR positiv

• Folder: Balancing Services/aFRR Germany - Germany aFRR positiv/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: Netztransparenz.de (German TSOs) – redistribution requires written consent of the transmission system operators
• Download: https://www.netztransparenz.de/de-de/Regelenergie/Daten-Regelreserve/Aktivierte-Regelleistung
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

mFRR Germany — TenneT negativ

• Folder: Balancing Services/mFRR Germany - TenneT negativ/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: Netztransparenz.de (German TSOs) – redistribution requires written consent of the transmission system operators
• Download: https://www.netztransparenz.de/de-de/Regelenergie/Daten-Regelreserve/Aktivierte-Regelleistung
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

mFRR Germany — TenneT positiv

• Folder: Balancing Services/mFRR Germany - TenneT positiv/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: Netztransparenz.de (German TSOs) – redistribution requires written consent of the transmission system operators
• Download: https://www.netztransparenz.de/de-de/Regelenergie/Daten-Regelreserve/Aktivierte-Regelleistung
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Dispatchable Generation:

California Caiso — Aggregated Batterys

• Folder: Dispatchable Generation/California Caiso - Aggregated Batterys/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: CAISO OASIS – proprietary terms of use, redistribution not permitted
• Download: http://oasis.caiso.com
• Covariates: weather_np15_mean.parquet, weather_sp15_mean.parquet, weather_zp26_mean.parquet, calendar_CA_2010_2030.parquet

ENTSO-E Germany — Fossil Gas

• Folder: Dispatchable Generation/ENTSO-E Germany - Fossil Gas/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: _weather_wind_scaled_all_clusters.parquet, weatherDE_grouped3_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

ENTSO-E Germany — Fossil Hard Coal

• Folder: Dispatchable Generation/ENTSO-E Germany - Fossil Hard Coal/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: _weather_wind_scaled_all_clusters.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Grid Data

50Hertz Line Power — UW Lubmin - OWP Baltic Eagle

• Folder: Grid Data/50Hertz Line Power - UW Lubmin - OWP Baltic Eagle/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: 50Hertz – redistribution requires written permission
• Download: https://www.50hertz.com/Transparenz/Kennzahlen/Netzdaten/Netzbelastung
• Covariates: 50Hertz_Lubmin_random.parquet

50Hertz Line Power — UW Wieselbach UW Lauchstädt L471

• Folder: Grid Data/50Hertz Line Power - UW Wieselbach UW Lauchstädt L471/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: 50Hertz – redistribution requires written permission
• Download: https://www.50hertz.com/Transparenz/Kennzahlen/Netzdaten/Netzbelastung
• Covariates: 50Hertz_Lauchstaett_Vieselbach_random.parquet, weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_1h_DE_2010_2030.parquet

50Hertz Line Power — UW Wieselbach UW Lauchstädt L472

• Folder: Grid Data/50Hertz Line Power - UW Wieselbach UW Lauchstädt L472/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: 50Hertz – redistribution requires written permission
• Download: https://www.50hertz.com/Transparenz/Kennzahlen/Netzdaten/Netzbelastung
• Covariates: 50Hertz_Lauchstaett_Vieselbach_random.parquet, weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_1h_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Bayernwerk — Grid Consumption MS

• Folder: Grid Data/Bayernwerk - Grid Consumption MS/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: Bayernwerk – §23c EnWG publication obligation, no explicit redistribution permission
• Download: https://www.bayernwerk-netz.de/de/bayernwerk-netz-gmbh/netzinformation/veroeffentlichungspflichten/strom/netzstrukturmerkmale.html
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped3_agg.parquet, calendar_BY_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Bayernwerk — Grid Feed-in MS

• Folder: Grid Data/Bayernwerk - Grid Feed-in MS/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: Bayernwerk – §23c EnWG publication obligation, no explicit redistribution permission
• Download: https://www.bayernwerk-netz.de/de/bayernwerk-netz-gmbh/netzinformation/veroeffentlichungspflichten/strom/netzstrukturmerkmale.html
• Covariates: weather_all_cities_average.parquet, calendar_BY_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Netze BW LV, Feeder 132 — Active Power

• Folder: Grid Data/Netze BW LV, Feeder 132 - Active Power/
• Data file: feeder_132.parquet
• Sources:
  • 200 LV Feeders Paper – Treutlein et al., arXiv (2026)
  • 200 LV Feeders Dataset – Treutlein et al., Zenodo (2025)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_17831177_132.parquet, calendar_BW_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Netze BW LV, Feeder 160 — Active Power

• Folder: Grid Data/Netze BW LV, Feeder 160 - Active Power/
• Data file: feeder_160.parquet
• Sources:
  • 200 LV Feeders Paper – Treutlein et al., arXiv (2026)
  • 200 LV Feeders Dataset – Treutlein et al., Zenodo (2025)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_17831177_160.parquet, calendar_BW_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Netze BW LV, Feeder 33 — Active Power

• Folder: Grid Data/Netze BW LV, Feeder 33 - Active Power/
• Data file: feeder_033.parquet
• Sources:
  • 200 LV Feeders Paper – Treutlein et al., arXiv (2026)
  • 200 LV Feeders Dataset – Treutlein et al., Zenodo (2025)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_17831177_33.parquet, calendar_BW_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Netze BW LV, Feeder 37 — Active Power

• Folder: Grid Data/Netze BW LV, Feeder 37 - Active Power/
• Data file: feeder_037.parquet
• Sources:
  • 200 LV Feeders Paper – Treutlein et al., arXiv (2026)
  • 200 LV Feeders Dataset – Treutlein et al., Zenodo (2025)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_17831177_37.parquet, calendar_BW_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Netze BW LV, Feeder 63 — Active Power

• Folder: Grid Data/Netze BW LV, Feeder 63 - Active Power/
• Data file: feeder_063.parquet
• Sources:
  • 200 LV Feeders Paper – Treutlein et al., arXiv (2026)
  • 200 LV Feeders Dataset – Treutlein et al., Zenodo (2025)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_17831177_63.parquet, calendar_BW_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Netze BW LV, Feeder 97 — Active Power

• Folder: Grid Data/Netze BW LV, Feeder 97 - Active Power/
• Data file: feeder_097.parquet
• Sources:
  • 200 LV Feeders Paper – Treutlein et al., arXiv (2026)
  • 200 LV Feeders Dataset – Treutlein et al., Zenodo (2025)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_17831177_97.parquet, calendar_BW_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Heat Data

HEAPO: Household Zurich Area — Heatpump 818882

• Folder: Heat Data/HEAPO_ Household Zurich Area - Heatpump 818882/
• Data file: 818882.parquet
• Sources:
  • HEAPO Heat Pump Dataset – Brudermüller et al. (2025)
  • Open-Meteo Weather Data (CC BY 4.0)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_Zuerich.parquet, calendar_CH_2010_2030.parquet

HEAPO: Household Zurich Area — Heatpump 971151

• Folder: Heat Data/HEAPO_ Household Zurich Area - Heatpump 971151/
• Data file: 971151.parquet
• Sources:
  • HEAPO Heat Pump Dataset – Brudermüller et al. (2025)
  • Open-Meteo Weather Data (CC BY 4.0)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_Zuerich.parquet, calendar_CH_2010_2030.parquet

Heat Grid Flensburg — Heat Demand

• Folder: Heat Data/Heat Grid Flensburg - Heat Demand/
• Data file: Data file: NOT INCLUDED — CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license incompatible with the 
  CC BY 4.0 license of the overall dataset collection – non-commercial use only
• License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 – non-commercial use only – https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17177421
• Sources:
  • Flensburg District Heating – Freißmann et al. (2025)
  • Open-Meteo Weather Data (CC BY 4.0)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weather_DEF01_point0.parquet, calendar_1h_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Load

California Caiso — Aggregated Load

• Folder: Load/California Caiso - Aggregated Load/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: CAISO OASIS – proprietary terms of use, redistribution not permitted
• Download: http://oasis.caiso.com
• Covariates: weather_np15_mean.parquet, weather_sp15_mean.parquet, weather_zp26_mean.parquet, calendar_CA_2010_2030.parquet

DE Power — Load DE

• Folder: Load/DE Power - Load DE/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped3_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

FR Power — Load

• Folder: Load/FR Power - Load/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• Covariates: weatherFR_grouped3_agg.parquet

Industrial VEA 2 Agg Profiles — 2 random loads

• Folder: Load/Industrial VEA 2 Agg Profiles - 2 random loads/
• Data file: 5359_industrial_VEA_aggregated_profiles.parquet
• Sources:
  • 5359 Industrial VEA Load Profiles – Tiemann (2024)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Market Data

California Caiso — LMP NP15

• Folder: Market Data/California Caiso - LMP NP15/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: CAISO OASIS – proprietary terms of use, redistribution not permitted
• Download: http://oasis.caiso.com
• Covariates: weather_np15_mean.parquet, calendar_CA_2010_2030.parquet

California Caiso — LMP SP15

• Folder: Market Data/California Caiso - LMP SP15/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: CAISO OASIS – proprietary terms of use, redistribution not permitted
• Download: http://oasis.caiso.com
• Covariates: weather_sp15_mean.parquet, calendar_CA_2010_2030.parquet

California Caiso — LMP ZP26

• Folder: Market Data/California Caiso - LMP ZP26/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: CAISO OASIS – proprietary terms of use, redistribution not permitted
• Download: http://oasis.caiso.com
• Covariates: weather_zp26_mean.parquet, calendar_CA_2010_2030.parquet

ENTSO-E Germany — Day-Ahead Auction

• Folder: Market Data/ENTSO-E Germany - Day-Ahead Auction/
• Data file: dayahead_2024.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped3_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

ENTSO-E Germany — reBAP

• Folder: Market Data/ENTSO-E Germany - reBAP/
• Data file: reBAP Punktewolke 2025-11-27 13-04-43.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped3_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

EPEXSPOT — Intraday Continuous

• Folder: Market Data/ENTSO-E Germany - Intraday Continuous/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Sources:
  • https://www.epexspot.com/en 
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: weatherDE_grouped10_agg.parquet, calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Mobility Data

Mobilitaet Public Charging Station — Total Power 50 Agg

• Folder: Mobility Data/Mobilitaet Public Charging Station - Total Power 50 Agg/
• Data file: ev_charging_aggregated.parquet
• Sources:
  • German Mobility Data – Mobilithek.info
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

NL Office EV Park — Total Power

• Folder: Mobility Data/NL Office EV Park - Total Power/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license incompatible with the 
  CC BY 4.0 license of the overall dataset collection – non-commercial use only
• License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 – non-commercial use only – https://doi.org/10.4121/80EF3824-3F5D-4E45-8794-3B8791EFBD13.V1
• Sources:
  • NL EV Office Charging – de Bont et al. (2024)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_NL_2010_2030.parquet

UK Residential Charging Station — Total Power 50 Agg

• Folder: Mobility Data/UK Residential Charging Station - Total Power 50 Agg/
• Data file: uk_ev_charging_aggregated.parquet
• Sources:
  • UK EV Chargepoint Analysis 2017 – Dept. for Transport
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_UK_2010_2030.parquet

UrbanEV China Charging Station — Aggregated Profile 107

• Folder: Mobility Data/UrbanEV China Charging Station - Aggregated Profile 107/
• Data file: urbanEV.parquet
• Sources:
  • UrbanEV Benchmark – Li et al., Sci Data (2025)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_CN_Shenzhen_2010_2030.parquet

Non-Dispatchable Generation

California Caiso — Aggregated Solar

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/California Caiso - Aggregated Solar/
• Data file: NOT INCLUDED — license does not permit redistribution
• Reason: CAISO OASIS – proprietary terms of use, redistribution not permitted
• Download: http://oasis.caiso.com
• Covariates: weather_np15_mean.parquet, weather_sp15_mean.parquet, weather_zp26_mean.parquet

DE Power — Solar

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/DE Power - Solar/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• Covariates: _weather_pv_scaled_all_clusters.parquet

DE Power — Wind Offshore

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/DE Power - Wind Offshore/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• Covariates: _weather_wind_scaled_all_clusters.parquet

DE Power — Wind Onshore

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/DE Power - Wind Onshore/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• Covariates: _weather_wind_scaled_all_clusters.parquet

DK Power — Solar

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/DK Power - Solar/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• Covariates: weatherDK_grouped10_agg.parquet

Energy Forecasting Competition PV Cluster — Solar_MWh_credit

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/Energy Forecasting Competition PV Cluster - Solar_MWh_credit/
• Data file: pv.parquet
• Sources:
  • Hybrid Energy Forecasting Competition – Browell (2025)
• Covariates: pv_covariates.parquet

Energy Forecasting Competition Wind+PV — total_MWh_credit

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/Energy Forecasting Competition Wind+PV - total_MWh_credit/
• Data file: pv_wind_total.parquet
• Sources:
  • Hybrid Energy Forecasting Competition – Browell (2025)
• Covariates: wind_covariates.parquet

Energy Forecasting Competition Windpark — Wind_MWh_credit

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/Energy Forecasting Competition Windpark - Wind_MWh_credit/
• Data file: wind.parquet
• Sources:
  • Hybrid Energy Forecasting Competition – Browell (2025)
• Covariates: wind_covariates.parquet

FR Power — Solar

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/FR Power - Solar/
• Data file: public_power.parquet
• Sources:
  • ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• Covariates: weatherFR_grouped3_agg.parquet

Hill of Towie Wind — active_power

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/Hill of Towie Wind - active_power/
• Data file: hill_of_towie_active_power_15min_2023_2024.parquet
• Sources:
  • Hill of Towie Wind Farm – Clerc & Lingkan (2025)
• Covariates: Hill_of_Towie_T01_reduced.parquet, Hill_of_Towie_T05_reduced.parquet

PV Hong Kong — generation_kwh_UG Hall4

• Folder: Non-Dispatchable Generation/PV Hong Kong - generation_kwh_UG Hall4/
• Data file: pv_all_stations_wide.parquet
• Sources:
  • Hong Kong Rooftop PV – Lin et al., Sci Data (2025)
• Covariates: meteorology_all_variables.parquet

Residential Load

HTW Berlin Households — 10 random aggregated households

• Folder: Residential Load/HTW Berlin Households - 10 random aggregated households/
• Data file: aggregated_PL_profiles.parquet
• License: Data file: NOT INCLUDED — CC BY-NC license incompatible with the 
  CC BY 4.0 license of the overall dataset collection – non-commercial use only – https://solar.htw-berlin.de/elektrische-lastprofile-fuer-wohngebaeude/
• Sources:
  • HTW Berlin Residential Profiles – Tjaden, HTW Berlin (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

HTW Berlin Households — random_household_0

• Folder: Residential Load/HTW Berlin Households - random_household_0/
• Data file: aggregated_PL_randompick_1.parquet
• License: Data file: NOT INCLUDED — CC BY-NC license incompatible with the 
  CC BY 4.0 license of the overall dataset collection – non-commercial use only – https://solar.htw-berlin.de/elektrische-lastprofile-fuer-wohngebaeude/
• Sources:
  • HTW Berlin Residential Profiles – Tjaden, HTW Berlin (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

HTW Berlin Households — random_household_1

• Folder: Residential Load/HTW Berlin Households - random_household_1/
• Data file: aggregated_PL_randompick_1.parquet
• License: Data file: NOT INCLUDED — CC BY-NC license incompatible with the 
  CC BY 4.0 license of the overall dataset collection – https://solar.htw-berlin.de/elektrische-lastprofile-fuer-wohngebaeude/
• Sources:
  • HTW Berlin Residential Profiles – Tjaden, HTW Berlin (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

HTW Berlin Households — random_household_2

• Folder: Residential Load/HTW Berlin Households - random_household_2/
• Data file: aggregated_PL_randompick_1.parquet
• License: Data file: NOT INCLUDED — CC BY-NC license incompatible with the 
  CC BY 4.0 license of the overall dataset collection – non-commercial use only – https://solar.htw-berlin.de/elektrische-lastprofile-fuer-wohngebaeude/
• Sources:
  • HTW Berlin Residential Profiles – Tjaden, HTW Berlin (CC BY-NC 4.0)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Household Lower Saxony — NO_PV_SFH10_P_TOT

• Folder: Residential Load/Household Lower Saxony - NO_PV_SFH10_P_TOT/
• Data file: lower_saxony.parquet
• Sources:
  • German SFH Load Profiles – Schlemminger et al., Sci Data (2022)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Household Lower Saxony — NO_PV_SFH31_P_TOT

• Folder: Residential Load/Household Lower Saxony - NO_PV_SFH31_P_TOT/
• Data file: lower_saxony.parquet
• Sources:
  • German SFH Load Profiles – Schlemminger et al., Sci Data (2022)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Household Lower Saxony — WITH_PV_SFH15_P_TOT

• Folder: Residential Load/Household Lower Saxony - WITH_PV_SFH15_P_TOT/
• Data file: lower_saxony.parquet
• Sources:
  • German SFH Load Profiles – Schlemminger et al., Sci Data (2022)
  • Holiday Calendar – Murza et al., Zenodo (2025)
• Covariates: calendar_DE_2010_2030.parquet

Data Sources and References

General / Weather / Calendar

• Open-Meteo Weather Data (CC BY 4.0)
• Holiday calendars – Murza et al. (2025)
• ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• CAISO OASIS (not redistributable – All rights reserved)
• gridstatus library – Kanter (2025)

Grid Data

• Bayernwerk Netz GmbH – Grid Structure Publication (not redistributable)
• 50Hertz Grid Load Data (not redistributable)
• 200 LV Feeders Paper – Treutlein et al., arXiv (2026)
• 200 LV Feeders Dataset – Treutlein et al., Zenodo (2025)

Balancing / Market Data

• ENTSO-E Transparency Platform – TSO Open Data Policy (2019)
• reBAP – Netztransparenz.de (German TSOs, not redistributable)
• Activated Control Reserve – Netztransparenz.de (not redistributable)
• Intraday Continuous Prices – Energy Charts / Fraunhofer ISE (not redistributable)

Heat Data

• HEAPO Heat Pump Dataset – Brudermüller et al. (2025)
• Flensburg District Heating – Freißmann et al. (2025)

Mobility / EV Charging

• NL EV Office Charging – de Bont et al. (2024)
• German Mobility Data – Mobilithek.info
• UrbanEV Benchmark – Li et al., Sci Data (2025)
• UK EV Chargepoint Analysis 2017 – Dept. for Transport

Non-Dispatchable Generation

• Hybrid Energy Forecasting Competition – Browell (2025)
• Hill of Towie Wind Farm – Clerc & Lingkan (2025)
• Hong Kong Rooftop PV – Lin et al., Sci Data (2025)

Load / Residential / Industrial

• 28 German Companies Power – Huber et al., KIT (2023)
• 5359 Industrial VEA Load Profiles – Tiemann (2024)
• German SFH Load Profiles – Schlemminger et al., Sci Data (2022)
• HTW Berlin Residential Profiles – Tjaden, HTW Berlin (CC BY-NC 4.0)

License Notes

The majority of datasets in this compilation are licensed under CC BY 4.0 or equivalent open licenses (ENTSO-E TSO Open Data Policy 2019, OGL v3.0, DL-DE/BY-2.0) and may be freely redistributed with attribution.

The following datasets carry a non-commercial (NC) license and are NOT included here. Commercial use requires separate permission from the respective rights holders:

• Flensburg District Heating – CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
• NL Office EV Park – CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
• HTW Berlin Households – CC BY-NC 4.0

The following datasets are NOT included (no redistribution permitted) – direct download links are provided in the individual dataset entries above:

• CAISO OASIS (Battery, Load, Solar, LMP) – All rights reserved
• 50Hertz Grid Load – reproduction requires written permission
• Bayernwerk Grid Data – §23c EnWG, no redistribution right
• reBAP & activated control reserve – Netztransparenz.de (German TSOs)
• Intraday continuous prices – Energy Charts / Fraunhofer ISE